Objective/Background
Daytime napping longer than one hour has been associated with an
increased risk for all-cause mortality. Associations between cytokine
polymorphisms and daytime napping in chronic illnesses such as HIV, however,
have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to examine
cytokine polymorphisms associated with long daytime napping in adults living
with HIV.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a convenience sample
of 257 adults living with HIV. Daytime napping was assessed with wrist
actigraphy data collected over three days. Participants categorized as long
nappers (≥ 60 min) were compared to short nappers and non-nappers
(< 60 min). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 15 candidate
genes involved in cytokine signaling were analyzed. Genes included:
interferon-gamma (IFNG), IFNG receptor 1
(IFNGR1), interleukins (IL1B, IL1R, IL1R2,
IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL13, IL17A), nuclear factors of
kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB1 and
NFKB2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNFA).
Results
After adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical
characteristics, long daytime napping was associated with 12 SNPs from seven
genes: 1) IFNG rs2069728; 2) IL1B
rs1143642, rs1143627, and rs16944; 3) IL2 rs2069763; 4)
IL6 rs4719714, rs1554606, and rs2069845; 5)
IL17A rs3819024 and rs8193036; 6)
NFKB1 rs4648110; and 7) NFKB2
rs1056890.
Conclusions
Cytokine genetic variations may have a role in physiological
regulation of daytime napping as well as nocturnal sleep. Cytokine
polymorphisms associated with long daytime napping could help identify
adults with HIV who may benefit from targeted therapeutic interventions.