Ileal digestibility of amino acids in conventional, fermented, and enzyme-treated soybean meal and in soy protein isolate, fish meal, and casein fed to weanling pigs1

Cervantes-Pahm, Sarah K.; Stein, Hans H

doi:10.2527/jas.2009-2677

Cited by 154 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The concentrations of CP and AA in SPC and FSBM were also similar to the results from Urbaityte et al (2009) and Cervantes-Pahm and Stein (2010). In current study, SPC and FSBM contained more CP, AA, Ca, P and less glycinin, β-conglycinin and TI than that of SBM, the finding was consistent with the results of Chen et al (2010), who found that FSBM and SPC contained higher protein, most of essential AA, and lower soybean antigen proteins than untreated raw SBM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Diet 1 was a nitrogen-free diet which was used to determine endogenous AA losses. The three experimental diets were formulated with regard to previous research which observed that inclusion of increased amounts of SBM in diets fed to weaning pigs may cause allergic reactions, which potentially could influence the results for the diet containing SBM (Cervantes-Pahm and Stein, 2010). In the present study, diets 2, 3 and 4 were formulated to contain different levels of each soybean product to provide the same amount of CP (12.88%) in each diet.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Metabolizable Energy Value, Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal, Soy Protein Concentrate and Fermented Soybean Meal, and the Application of These Products in Early-weaned Piglets

Zhang

Piao

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME) value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, four barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 14.2±1.4 kg were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. The diet 1 contained corn as the only energy source. The other three diets replaced 25% of corn in diet 1 with one of the three soybean products, and the digestable energy (DE) and ME contents were determined by difference. In Exp. 2, four barrows (initial BW of 18.2±1.5 kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a 4×4 Latin square design. Three cornstarch-based diets were formulated using each of the soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. In Exp. 3, ninety six piglets (initial BW of 5.6±0.9 kg) weaned at 21±2 d were blocked by weight and assigned to one of three treatments for a 21-d growth performance study. The control diet was based on corn and SBM, the two treatments’ diets contained either 10% SPC or FSBM and were formulated to same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal. The results showed that the ME content of SPC was greater than SBM (p<0.05). The SID of most AA in SPC was greater than the SID of AA in SBM (p<0.05). For the essential AA, the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine in FSBM were greater than in SBM (p<0.05). Even though they were fed same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal diets, pigs fed SPC and FSBM diets had greater weight gain, G:F (p<0.05) and better fecal score (p<0.05) than pigs fed SBM diet. In conclusion, SPC showed a higher ME content and SID of AA than the SBM. SID of some essential AA in FSBM was higher than SBM and was similar with SPC. But the lower antigenic proteins and anti-nutritional factors content in SPC and FSBM may be the main factors affecting the performance of early-weaned piglets rather than the increased ME content and SID of AA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolizable Energy Value, Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal, Soy Protein Concentrate and Fermented Soybean Meal, and the Application of These Products in Early-weaned Piglets

Zhang

Piao

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…Our results are inconsistent with previous data (Zamora and Veum 1988;Feng et al 2007;Yoo et al 2009) which may be due to differing particle sizes and KOH solubility (Parsons et al 1991). The crude protein and amino acids composition of ETSM are similar to the values reported by Zhu et al (1998) and Cervantes-Pahm and Stein (2010).The concentration of lysine calculated as a percentage of crude A possible reason for this observation may be that these meals were heat-damaged during drying; heat damage may result in Maillard reactions that will destroy some of the lysine in the products (Stein et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The values for the AID of amino acids in FSMB, FSMC and ETSM diets that were measured in this experiment were also greater than for conventional SBM. We observed that the overall SID of crude protein of SBM, FSMA, ETSM and FSMC was 84.32, 81.13, 88.87 and 89.25%, respectively, which was similar to the study conducted by Cervantes-Pahm and Stein (2010). High protein digestibility ensures that the protein's content of essential amino acids is readily bioavailable (Urbaityte et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Apparent total tract digestibility and ileal digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and amino acids in conventional, Bacillus subtilis-fermented and enzyme-treated soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Hossain¹,

Begum²,

Park³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

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Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and amino acids were evaluated in six weanling barrows [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] fed soybean meal diet (SBM), fermented soybean meal A diet with 50% solubility in potassium hydroxide (FSMA), fermented soybean meal B diet with 60% solubility in potassium hydroxide (FSMB), fermented soybean meal C diet with 70% solubility in potassium hydroxide (FSMC), enzyme-treated soybean meal (ETSM) and nitrogen-free diet. Pigs having body weights of 8.99 ± 0.40 kg were surgically equipped with T-cannulas of approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments and a nitrogen-free diet in 6 × 6 Latin squares. With regards to the ATTD of essential amino acids, the ATTD of arginine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine and total essential amino acids was greater in pigs fed FSMB, FSMC, and ETSM diets than in SBM and FSMA diets. The ATTD of leucine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine in the FSMC diet was non-significant compared with the values of ATTD in FSMB and ETSM diets. With respect to non-essential amino acids the ATTD of aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, proline, tyrosine and total amino acids was greater in pigs fed the FSMC diet compared with the SBM diet and not different from the values of pigs fed the ETSM diet. The AID of dry matter, nitrogen and energy in the FSMC diet was greater (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed SBM and FSMA diets but was equal to the values of FSMB and ETSM diets. With regards to the AID of essential amino acids, the AID of histidine, lysine, methionine and threonine was greater in pigs fed FSMB, FSMC and ETSM diets than in SBM and FSMA diets (P < 0.05). The AID of isoleucine was greater in pigs fed FSMB and ETSM diets than the FSMA diet. The AID of arginine, phenylalanine and valine was greater in pigs fed the FSMC diet compared with the SBM diet. With respect to non-essential amino acids the AID of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, tyrosine and total amino acids was the same as in pigs fed FSMB, FSMC, ETSM diets and greater (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed SBM and FSMA diets. The SID of all essential amino acids in pigs fed the FSMC diet was greater than for the FSMA diet. In the case of non-essential amino acids, the SID of all amino acids except for cysteine was greatest in pigs fed FSMB, FSMC and ETSM treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FSMB, FSMC and/or ETSM diets can improve the ATTD, AID and SID of dry matter, nitrogen, energy, total amino acids and most of the essential amino acids in weanling pigs.

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“…This is contrary to the current study, where protein level had no effect on potential proteolytic Enterobacteriaceae at the ileal level, and there was even a negative linear effect on the Bacteroides group in ileal digesta of piglets fed the SBM-based diets. However, at the fecal level, higher contents of CP in the diet stimulated growth of Bacteroides group in piglets fed the SBM-based diets but not in the casein-based diets, maybe due to the higher availability of less digestible protein from SBM compared to casein [37]. Accordingly, Heo et al [38] determined higher concentrations of fecal ammonia in weaned piglets fed a high protein SBM-based diet (243 g CP/kg) compared to a low protein SBM-based diet (173 g CP/kg), together with a higher incidence of diarrhea, measured as fecal score, probably due to an increased protein fermentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of dietary protein supply originating from soybean meal or casein on the intestinal microbiota of piglets

et al. 2014

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Ileal digestibility of amino acids in conventional, fermented, and enzyme-treated soybean meal and in soy protein isolate, fish meal, and casein fed to weanling pigs1

Cited by 154 publications

References 35 publications

The Metabolizable Energy Value, Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal, Soy Protein Concentrate and Fermented Soybean Meal, and the Application of These Products in Early-weaned Piglets

The Metabolizable Energy Value, Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal, Soy Protein Concentrate and Fermented Soybean Meal, and the Application of These Products in Early-weaned Piglets

Apparent total tract digestibility and ileal digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and amino acids in conventional, Bacillus subtilis-fermented and enzyme-treated soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Effect of dietary protein supply originating from soybean meal or casein on the intestinal microbiota of piglets

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