Ileocolitis After Exchange Transfusion

Rectosigmoidoscopic Findings During Isolated Rectal Bleeding in the Neonate

“…To our knowledge, no report indicates an elevated incidence of rectal bleeding in infants born by cesarean section. Exchange transfusion during mother fetal blood alloimmunization has been recognized as a possible cause of "ileocolitis" (30)(31)(32)(33)(34) manifested by rectal bleeding but unsubstantiated endoscopically. Several reasons were ascribed for this disease, including blood warming, bicarbonate injection, and umbilical catheterization whose deleterious effects on newborn intestine are hypothesized to occur through portal blood pressure variations induced by a badly positioned catheter tip in the superior mesenteric blood flow (33).…”

Digestive Endoscopy in Neonates

“…The underlying disease processes associated with colonoscopic changes during the neonatal period include NEC (2-4), Campylobacter infection (76-78), Clostridium difficile (79,80) and dietary protein intolerance (71,(81)(82)(83). Rectal bleeding or colonoscopic changes have also been associated with blood transfusion or exchange transfusion (72,(84)(85)(86)(87)(88). Ulcerative colitis, a rare condition during infancy (89)(90)(91), may be recognized on the basis of the association with rectal bleeding and colonoscopic lesions of a severe and progressively worsening alteration of the general condition (Fig.…”

“…Exchange transfusion has been recognized as a possible cause of ''ileocolitis'' (84)(85)(86)(87)(88) manifested by rectal bleeding but no endoscopic studies have confirmed the presence of colitis. Several reasons have been proposed for the development of colitis during exchange transfusion, including blood warming, bicarbonate injection and umbilical catheterization, whose deleterious effects on newborn intestine are hypothesized to occur through portal blood pressure variations induced by a poorly positioned catheter in the superior mesenteric blood flow (87).…”

Ωκυτοκινη - Νεογνικος Ικτερος.

“…Ό παθογενετικός μηχανισμός τής επιπλοκής αυτής πάρα-μένει άδιευκρίνητος άλλα αγγειακοί παράγοντες, μη αποκλειομένων όμως και άλλων αιτίων, ως μικροβιακών, ανοσοβιολογικών, κ.λπ., φαίνεται ότι είναι οί πλέον πιθανοί, όδηγοϋντες εις Ίσχαιμίαν και νέκρωσιν τμήματος του εν τέρου. Ή θνησιμότης έξ αυτής της επιπλοκής ιδία επί διατρήσεως του εν τέρου παραμένει λίαν υψηλή, και ή υποδεικνυόμενη θεραπεία περιλαμβάνει παρεντερικήν χορήγησιν υγρών και άντιβίοσιν, χειρουργικήν έκτομήν του διατρηθέντος εντέρου και γενικήν μετεγχειρητικήν ύποστηρικτικήν θεραπείαν 226 , 227 , 228 .…”