Ilex paraguariensis supplementation may be an effective nutritional approach to modulate oxidative stress during perimenopause

Abstract

Perimenopause is a period in a woman's life that precedes menopause and is characterized by hormonal changes that result in increased oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress is associated with age-related diseases and perimenopausal symptoms including somato-vegetative manifestations, nutritional antioxidant supplementation may be an effective approach to minimizing this stress. Mate tea (MT) (Ilex paraguariensis), a typical and inexpensive beverage consumed in the Brazilian south-east, Argentina and Uruguay, increases antioxidant defense. We hypothesized that MT could minimize oxidative stress during perimenopause by modulating enzymatic antioxidant defense. To test this, we analyzed the lipid oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in erythrocytes and liver of rats, after MT treatment. Female Wistar rats (aged 16months) in proven perimenopause period received 20mg/kgBW/day of mate tea, by gavage (PM+MT group) or water (PM group). Female rats aged 4months (AD group) received water. Erythrocytes and liver were used to determine lipid oxidative damage, determined by malondialdehyde (MDA); superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. Total plasma antioxidant capacity was examined by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and estrogen by radioimmunoassay. MT increased FRAP and did not change estrogen levels. Increased SOD and GPx, and reduced MDA were observed in both tissues studied. Increased CAT activity was observed only in the liver. We confirmed the hypothesis that MT was capable of minimizing oxidative stress in this period of life by modulating antioxidant defense.

Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves bone formation in the alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in rats

“…The control rats received an equal volume of water by intragastric gavage during all the experiment. The treatment with MT prior to dent extraction is justified by its positive effect on the TAC in plasma, which was demonstrated by our study [24].…”

“…MT was prepared by dissolving instant powder (Leão Jr.®, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; batch 7891098000088) in pure water at a concentration of 0.05 g/mL at room temperature, as described by Pereira et al [24]. Total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method [38], using gallic acid as a standard.…”

“…MT is prepared by infusion of Ilex paraguariensis [20]. It is rich in phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and its isomers (mostly phenolic acid); gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids; rutin; epicatechin; gallocatechin; and various saponins [20][21][22][23][24], which are considered the major bioactive compounds responsible for MT effects on bone health [25][26][27]. In Brazil, MT is popularly consumed for its antioxidant effects [28].…”

“…In Brazil, MT is popularly consumed for its antioxidant effects [28]. In vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies have shown that MT affects the oxidative status and lipid metabolism, besides its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects [24,[29][30][31][32][33]. Brun et al [34] showed that although MT is rich in caffeine, it did not negatively affect bone health and was safe to the consumers.…”

NMR‐based approach reveals seasonal metabolic changes in mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.‐Hil.)

“…Additionally, roasted leaves are used to make teas . Mate can be considered a functional food because it provides a series of compounds with important biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, and antioxidant and anti‐obesity properties. As reported in several studies, these biological activities are directly related to mate's constituent chemicals .…”