Illegal recreational hunting in Russia: the role of social norms and elite violators

Braden, Kathleen

doi:10.1080/15387216.2015.1020320

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…); thus, key regions, especially for data deficient and threatened species, should be avoided because their degradation, even with careful implementation, may have disproportionately large effects on species. Hunting, especially in formerly inaccessible areas (e.g., northern Russia) should also be strictly managed and controlled with mechanisms to reduce impact (Braden ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Hughes

2019

Conservation Biology

138

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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sets to create connections and build infrastructure across Eurasia, Asia, and parts of the African continent in its initial phase and is the largest infrastructure project of all time. Any infrastructure project on this scale will necessarily pass through ecofragile regions and key biodiversity areas (KBAs). This creates an imperative to identify possible areas of impact and probable effects on conservation values to facilitate adaptive planning and to mitigate, minimize, or avoid impacts. Using the highest resolution route maps of the BRI available, I overlaid the proposed road and rail routes on KBAs, protected areas, and predicted biodiversity hotspots for over 4138 animal and 7371 plant species. I also assessed the relationship between the proposed route with the distribution of mines across BRI countries and the proportion of deforestation and forest near routes. Infrastructure, especially mining, was clustered near the proposed route; thus, construction and development along the route may increase the size and number of mines. Up to 15% of KBAs were within 1 km of proposed railways. Thus, planned and probable development along the routes may pose a significant risk to biodiversity, especially because the majority of KBAs are unprotected. Many biodiversity hotspots for different taxa were near the route. These hotspots varied between taxa, making systematic management and environmental impact assessments an effective strategy for at least some taxa. A combination of planning and mitigation strategies will likely be necessary to protect the most important areas for biodiversity proximal to development, especially in currently unprotected KBAs and other regions that need protection. A fuller assessment of trade‐offs between conservation and other values will be necessary to make good decisions for each project and site being developed, including potentially modifying parts of the route to minimize impacts. Modification or foregoing of infrastructure may be needed if stakeholders consider the conservation costs too high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Hughes

2019

Conservation Biology

138

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“…In contrast, in the United States [ 67 ] and Sweden [ 68 ], most (illegal) hunting is for recreation or trophies, involving better educated and more affluent individuals [ 69 ]. In Russia, hunting species outside of the law is often perpetrated by the social elite, immune from prosecution [ 70 ], again to demonstrate social status. Our assessment was that elitism is not a factor in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding wildlife crime in China: Socio-demographic profiling and motivation of offenders

et al. 2021

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Wildlife crime presents a growing threat to the integrity of ecological communities. While campaigns have raised consumer awareness, little is known about the socio-demographic profile of wildlife offenders, or how to intervene. Using data from China Judgements Online (2014–2018), we documented 4,735 cases, involving 7,244 offenders who smuggled, hunted, transported, sold and/or purchased protected species in contravention of China’s Criminal Law. Offenders were predominantly men (93.0% of 7,143 offenders), aged 30–44 (43.9% of 4,699), agricultural workers (48.4% of 3,960), with less schooling (78.6% of 4,699 < senior secondary school). Socio-economic profiles related to crime seriousness, the type of illegal activity, motivation and taxon involved. These generalizations reveal scope to tailor specific intervention and mitigation approaches to offender profiles, through public information campaigns, proactive incentives opposed by punitive disincentives, and provision of alternative incomes.

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“…Despite this, brown bear trophies were reportedly being smuggled into the EU facilitated by the Canadian authorities and trophy hunting industry (Gaius 2018). In Russia, while the hunting of some bears is allowed with a valid permit, bear populations are under threat from poaching and illegal harvest for trade (Braden 2014). Thousands of bear paws have been seized by customs officers at the China-Russia Far East border alone-as recent as November 2019, 240 bear paws were seized by Russian authorities (Stewart 2019); in January 2018, 867 bear paws along with an unknown quantity of bear teeth and claws were seized (Stewart 2018).…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bear trade in the Czech Republic: an analysis of legal and illegal international trade from 2005 to 2020

et al. 2020

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There is a large demand for bear parts in the Czech Republic, and this drives legal and illegal trade in various bear species sourced from outside the country. From 2010 to 2018, the Czech Republic reported legal imports of 495 bear parts, mostly as trophies from Canada and Russia. Illegal trade in bear parts and derivatives for medicine as well as trophies persists as evidenced by the number of seizures made by the Czech Environmental Inspectorate during this same period. From January 2005 to February 2020, 36 seizures involving bears, their parts and derivatives, were made totalling 346 items. Most cases involved trophies (skins, skulls, taxidermies) predominantly from Canada, Russia and the USA, followed by traditional medicines claiming to contain bear parts mostly from Vietnam and China. Three cases involved souvenirs or jewellery, and one case involved live bear cubs. The greatest number of seizures made originated from Vietnam, followed by Canada and Russia. As all countries involved in these incidents are Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), there is a mechanism in place to jointly tackle this illegal trade. International collaboration is essential if efforts to end the illegal international trade in bear parts and derivatives are to succeed.

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Illegal recreational hunting in Russia: the role of social norms and elite violators

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Understanding wildlife crime in China: Socio-demographic profiling and motivation of offenders

Bear trade in the Czech Republic: an analysis of legal and illegal international trade from 2005 to 2020

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