Illicit Drug Exposures in Young Pediatric Patients Reported to the National Poison Data System, 2006-2016

Graham, Jessica; Leonard, Jan; Banerji, Shireen; Wang, George Sam

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.11.004

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Os resultados dos artigos incluídos nesse estudo, mostraram que a renda familiar, a cor, a relação com a família, os amigos, o ambiente comunitário, exposição à mídia, influência dos colegas, ausência da família, vulnerabilidade social e fragilidade emocional são fatores associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças (11,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . Importante destacar que o vício se desenvolve a partir de uma interação complexa entre o indivíduo, o agente (drogas e álcool) e o meio ambiente (11,17) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Uma visão geral dos fatores biopsicossociais associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças: revisão sistemática

Oliveira¹,

Silva²,

Garcia³

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Introdução: O uso e abuso de álcool e outras drogas tem sido considerado um problema importante de saúde pública, e esse consumo tem aumentado entre as crianças. Objetivo: analisar os fatores biopsicossociais relacionados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças por meio da literatura. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram considerados artigos completos publicados em revistas indexadas disponíveis nas bases de dados online como Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Pubmed e Google Scholar. Resultados: Foram incluídos 09 estudos com desenhos metodológicos como estudos retrospectivos, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, entre outros. Dentre eles, foi possível perceber que a renda familiar, a cor, a relação com a família, os amigos, o ambiente comunitário, exposição à mídia, influência dos colegas, ausência da família, vulnerabilidade social e fragilidade emocional são fatores associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças. Conclusão: Compreender os fatores de risco que levam ao abuso de substâncias é fundamental para a identificação precoce e prevenção do abuso de substâncias em crianças. Portanto, é importante estimular medidas socioeducativas e comportamentais para diminuir o uso de drogas por crianças.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Uma visão geral dos fatores biopsicossociais associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças: revisão sistemática

Oliveira¹,

Silva²,

Garcia³

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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“…Our data showed a significant increase in the number of cases since the legalization of cannabis in 2016, supporting the need for ED physicians to become more familiar with cannabis intoxication and its complications. Increased pediatric exposure to cannabis has been concurrent with the rise in adult cannabis use, which has more than doubled over the past decade [ 2 ]. The use of cannabis among parents with children in the home has increased [ 5 ], which may also contribute to the risk of accidental ingestion of cannabis products by children due to increased accessibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of June 2021, 36 states allow the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, and that number is expected to increase with additional states considering legalization in the near future [ 1 ]. The increasing availability of cannabis has been associated with increased emergency department (ED) visits in pediatric cannabis exposures for both accidental and intentional ingestions [ 2 ]. Particularly among young adults, the rate of cannabis use is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varied Presentations of Pediatric Patients With Positive Cannabinoid Tests

Harvey¹,

Gomez²,

Wolk³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background: Cannabis (marijuana) is one of the most abused drugs worldwide. The increasing availability of cannabis has been associated with increased emergency department (ED) visits. There is a wide range of presentations documented in the recent literature, and the full scope of symptoms in young children is not fully known. Objective: The primary objectives were to gather information regarding the characteristics in the presentation of the children with positive cannabinoid urine drug screen (UDS) results in the ED and to determine if there are certain common presentations with cannabinoid ingestion or inhalation. Design/methods: This study was a descriptive retrospective chart review from March 2013 to June 2020 of pediatric patients <18 years old with positive UDS for cannabinoids. Data collected included age, gender, chief complaint, history, review of systems, vital signs, physical exam findings, laboratory studies, imaging findings, and disposition. Four hundred and twenty-two charts were included in the study. Analysis was done using Stata 13 (College Station, TX). Results: The data showed that there was a significant increase in the number of pediatric patients with a positive UDS after cannabis legalization. Using cases from November 2013 to November 2019 showed 71% of cases presented after legalization on November 8, 2016 (Z=7.72, p<.01). The majority of cases were patients between the ages of 15 and 17 (78%). 43% (n=182) of patients presented with chief complaints of suicidal ideation. The other most common chief complaints were vomiting (8%, n=33), nausea (5%, n=22), trauma (5%, n=21), and altered mental status (AMS) (5%, n=20). The most common vital sign abnormalities included tachycardia (27%, n=115) and hypertension (18%, n=74). Forty-two percent of patients had tests ordered during their visit with 7% undergoing head computerized tomography. On the UDS, 28% of patients were positive for at least one other drug with amphetamine being the most common (13%, n=55). Conclusion: Our data showed a significant increase in the number of cases since the legalization of cannabis in 2016, supporting the need for ED physicians to become more familiar with cannabis intoxication and its complications. The presentations of these patients can vary greatly. Common presentations include suicidal ideation, nausea/vomiting, AMS, and trauma with vital sign abnormalities including tachycardia and hypertension. Physicians should continue to consider cannabis use when evaluating these pediatric complaints. It may decrease the number of tests ordered in this patient population.

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“…In 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported that the number of people aged 12 years and older using illicit drugs reached 59.3 million, and of this population, 5.2 million (1.9%) used cocaine [ 1 ]. Among this staggering number of users, 1.4 million (4.3%) people are young adults aged 18 to 25, and 84,000 (0.3%) are adolescents aged 12 to 17 [ 1 , 2 ]. Cocaine is an extremely addictive psychostimulant that exhibits highly variable brain region specific effects [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zwitterionic Polymer Coated and Aptamer Functionalized Flexible Micro-Electrode Arrays for In Vivo Cocaine Sensing and Electrophysiology

Castagnola

Cui

2023

Micromachines

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The number of people aged 12 years and older using illicit drugs reached 59.3 million in 2020, among which 5.2 million are cocaine users based on the national data. In order to fully understand cocaine addiction and develop effective therapies, a tool is needed to reliably measure real-time cocaine concentration and neural activity in different regions of the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution. Integrated biochemical sensing devices based upon flexible microelectrode arrays (MEA) have emerged as a powerful tool for such purposes; however, MEAs suffer from undesired biofouling and inflammatory reactions, while those with immobilized biologic sensing elements experience additional failures due to biomolecule degradation. Aptasensors are powerful tools for building highly selective sensors for analytes that have been difficult to detect. In this work, DNA aptamer-based electrochemical cocaine sensors were integrated on flexible MEAs and protected with an antifouling zwitterionic poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSB) coating, in order to prevent sensors from biofouling and degradation by the host tissue. In vitro experiments showed that without the PSB coating, both adsorption of plasma protein albumin and exposure to DNase-1 enzyme have detrimental effects on sensor performance, decreasing signal amplitude and the sensitivity of the sensors. Albumin adsorption caused a 44.4% sensitivity loss, and DNase-1 exposure for 24 hr resulted in a 57.2% sensitivity reduction. The PSB coating successfully protected sensors from albumin fouling and DNase-1 enzyme digestion. In vivo tests showed that the PSB coated MEA aptasensors can detect repeated cocaine infusions in the brain for 3 hrs after implantation without sensitivity degradation. Additionally, the same MEAs can record electrophysiological signals at different tissue depths simultaneously. This novel flexible MEA with integrated cocaine sensors can serve as a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms of cocaine addiction, while the PSB coating technology can be generalized to improve all implantable devices suffering from biofouling and inflammatory host responses.

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Illicit Drug Exposures in Young Pediatric Patients Reported to the National Poison Data System, 2006-2016

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Uma visão geral dos fatores biopsicossociais associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças: revisão sistemática

Uma visão geral dos fatores biopsicossociais associados à vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por crianças: revisão sistemática

Varied Presentations of Pediatric Patients With Positive Cannabinoid Tests

Zwitterionic Polymer Coated and Aptamer Functionalized Flexible Micro-Electrode Arrays for In Vivo Cocaine Sensing and Electrophysiology

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