Illinois Unidos: A Community Demands Equity, Justice, and Inclusion

Rios, Marina Del; Giachello, Aida L.; Khosla, Shaveta; Luna, Geraldine; Pobee, Ruth; Vergara-Rodriguez, Pamela; Sugrue, Noreen M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306407

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The sources of the inequities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and subsequent outcomes among patients presenting with COVID-19-like illness in the ED are complex and may be a result of structural inequities. [27][28][29] Black, Latino, Asian and Native American people are more likely to be employed in essential areas of the economy. 30 31 In the early part of the pandemic when many businesses were closed and people were encouraged to work from home, essential workers in service industries, manufacturing and healthcare had to work in person.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic phase-related racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 positivity and outcomes among patients presenting to emergency departments during the first two pandemic waves in the USA

Khosla,

Del Rios,

Chisolm-Straker

et al. 2024

Emerg Med J

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BackgroundIn many countries including the USA, the UK and Canada, the impact of COVID-19 on people of colour has been disproportionately high but examination of disparities in patients presenting to ED has been limited. We assessed racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 positivity and outcomes in patients presenting to EDs in the USA, and the effect of the phase of the pandemic on these outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients tested for COVID-19 during, or 14 days prior to, the index ED visit in 2020. Data were obtained from the National Registry of Suspected COVID-19 in Emergency Care network which has data from 155 EDs across 27 US states. Hierarchical models were used to account for clustering by hospital. The outcomes included COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation at index visit, subsequent hospitalisation within 30 days and 30-day mortality. We further stratified the analysis by time period (early phase: March–June 2020; late phase: July–September 2020).ResultsOf the 26 111 adult patients, 38% were non-Hispanic White (NHW), 29% Black, 20% Hispanic/Latino, 3% Asian and 10% all others; half were female. The median age was 56 years (IQR 40–69), and 53% were diagnosed with COVID-19; of those, 59% were hospitalised at index visit. Of those discharged from ED, 47% had a subsequent hospitalisation in 30 days. Hispanic/Latino patients had twice (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.3; 95% CI 1.8 to 3.0) the odds of COVID-19 diagnosis than NHW patients, after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. Black, Asian and other minority groups also had higher odds of being diagnosed (compared with NHW patients). On stratification, this association was observed in both phases for Hispanic/Latino patients. Hispanic/Latino patients had lower odds of hospitalisation at index visit, but when stratified, this effect was only observed in early phase. Subsequent hospitalisation was more likely in Asian patients (aOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.7) in comparison with NHW patients. Subsequent ED visit was more likely in Blacks and Hispanic/Latino patients in late phase.ConclusionWe found significant differences in ED outcomes that are not explained by comorbidity burden. The gap decreased but persisted during the later phase in 2020.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic phase-related racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 positivity and outcomes among patients presenting to emergency departments during the first two pandemic waves in the USA

Khosla,

Del Rios,

Chisolm-Straker

et al. 2024

Emerg Med J

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“…Second, Hispanic decedents are historically underreported due to limited access to health services. 32,33 It is thought that the reporting of Hispanic decedents in this study is incomplete to ambiguities in the collection of decedent race and ethnic information. Third, decedent data may be incomplete; data for all resident deaths in Minnesota were included, but a small quantity of unreported resident deaths, both in Minnesota and other states where residents expired, cannot be disregarded.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cause of Death by Race and Ethnicity in Minnesota Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2020

Blake

Marka

Steer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives. To measure changes in cause of death dynamics in 2019 and 2020 and the relationship between concurrent occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and mortality outcome by race and ethnicity. Patients and Methods. We used resident mortality data from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to conduct retrospective statistical analysis of deaths in Minnesota in 2019 relative to 2020 to assess changes in mortality in a pre-pandemic and pandemic period. Results. COVID-19 strongly contributed to ethnicity-related mortality disparities in Minnesota. Not only was there a greater proportion of COVID-19 decedents within the Black and Hispanic populations, but their average decedent age was markedly lower relative to the White population. The Black population experienced a disproportionate increase in decedents with a 34% increase during 2020 compared to 2019. Conclusions. This retrospective analysis of death dynamics and mortality outcomes in Minnesota from 2019 to 2020 demonstrated an increase in adverse mortality outcomes relative to the pre-pandemic period that disproportionately impacted Black and Hispanic minority populations. Access to non-pharmaceutical interventions combating COVID-19 infection in Black and Hispanic communities should be expanded in Minnesota.

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“…Third, health professionals can distill complex information into valuable takeaways (eg, infographics, videos) and distribute them more broadly via an amplifier. Health professionals can also partner with community groups and other local organizations to prevent and address health misinformation [ 9 ]. This becomes especially important when engaging with disenfranchised racial and ethnic groups who are often the target of misinformation campaigns or who may not have easy access to culturally relevant and language-concordant reputable sources [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Promotion Of Timely and Accurate Medical Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Twitter Amplifiers by Medical Professionals to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Royan¹,

Pendergrast

Rios

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Social media is an important tool for disseminating accurate medical information and combating misinformation (ie, the spreading of false or inaccurate information) and disinformation (ie, spreading misinformation with the intent to deceive). The prolific rise of inaccurate information during a global pandemic is a pressing public health concern. In response to this phenomenon, health professional amplifiers such as IMPACT (Illinois Medical Professional Action Collaborative Team) have been created as a coordinated response to enhance public communication and advocacy around the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Illinois Unidos: A Community Demands Equity, Justice, and Inclusion

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Pandemic phase-related racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 positivity and outcomes among patients presenting to emergency departments during the first two pandemic waves in the USA

Pandemic phase-related racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 positivity and outcomes among patients presenting to emergency departments during the first two pandemic waves in the USA

Cause of Death by Race and Ethnicity in Minnesota Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2020

Use of Twitter Amplifiers by Medical Professionals to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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