Illness burden and symptoms of anxiety in older adults: optimism and pessimism as moderators

Hirsch, Jameson K.; Walker, Kristin L.; Chang, Edward C.; Lyness, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1017/s1041610212000762

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It uses a five-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicating higher levels of optimism. This scale has demonstrated good reliability in research involving older adults, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.67 [24] to 0.75 [25]. Cronbach's alpha for the LOT-R in the current study was 0.68, with an inter-item correlation of 0.27 indicating good item homogeneity [26].…”

Section: Resistance Factorsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Interrelations of stress, optimism and control in older people's psychological adjustment

Bretherton

McLean

2014

Australasian Journal on Ageing

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Section: Resistance Factorsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Interrelations of stress, optimism and control in older people's psychological adjustment

Bretherton

McLean

2014

Australasian Journal on Ageing

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“…IN-OT produced stronger effects on less socially adapted individuals, such as those with high trait anxiety (34), impaired emotion regulation (35), or low emotional sensitivity (36). Because optimism has been implicated in anxiety and depression (26,27,37,38), we further examined whether the effects of IN-OT on optimistic belief updating were moderated by individuals' depression and anxiety traits. Given the finding of stronger effects of IN-OT on less socially adapted individuals (34)(35)(36), we hypothesized that IN-OT would produce stronger effects on belief updating in individuals with high (relative to low) depression and anxiety traits.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback

Wang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Humans update their beliefs upon feedback and, accordingly, modify their behaviors to adapt to the complex, changing social environment. However, people tend to incorporate desirable (better than expected) feedback into their beliefs but to discount undesirable (worse than expected) feedback. Such optimistic updating has evolved as an advantageous mechanism for social adaptation. Here, we examine the role of oxytocin (OT)-an evolutionary ancient neuropeptide pivotal for social adaptation-in belief updating upon desirable and undesirable feedback in three studies (n = 320). Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled between-subjects design, we show that intranasally administered OT (IN-OT) augments optimistic belief updating by facilitating updates of desirable feedback but impairing updates of undesirable feedback. The IN-OT-induced impairment in belief updating upon undesirable feedback is more salient in individuals with high, rather than with low, depression or anxiety traits. IN-OT selectively enhances learning rate (the strength of association between estimation error and subsequent update) of desirable feedback. IN-OT also increases participants' confidence in their estimates after receiving desirable but not undesirable feedback, and the OT effect on confidence updating upon desirable feedback mediates the effect of IN-OT on optimistic belief updating. Our findings reveal distinct functional roles of OT in updating the first-order estimation and second-order confidence judgment in response to desirable and undesirable feedback, suggesting a molecular substrate for optimistic belief updating.oxytocin | social adaptation | confidence | belief updating | optimism

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“…Research into gratitude has found that it can mitigate the risk of financial strain leading to depressive symptoms amongst older adults (Krause, 2009), and for those who are depressed, it can buffer the association between increasing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (Kleiman, Adams, Kashdan, & Riskind, 2013). Similarly, optimism has been found to confer resilience against the development of anxiety in the face of illness burden amongst older adults (Hirsch, Walker, Chang, & Lyness, 2012), and to buffer the likelihood that both chronic and acute life stressors will increase depressive symptoms amongst disadvantaged women (Grote, Bledsoe, Larkin, Lemay, & Brown, 2007). Trait hope has been found to buffer against the association between stressful life events and depression when measured cross-sectionally (Visser, Loess, Jeglic, & Hirsch, 2013) and daily stressors and negative affect in a diary study (Ong, Edwards, & Bergeman, 2006).…”

Section: Symptoms Of Psychological Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Positive and Clinical Psychology: Viewing Human Functioning as Continua from Positive to Negative Can Benefit Clinical Assessment, Interventions and Understandings of Resilience

Johnson

Wood

2015

Cogn Ther Res

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In this review we argue in favour of further integration between the disciplines of positive and clinical psychology. We argue that most of the constructs studied by both positive and clinical psychology exist on continua ranging from positive to negative (e.g., gratitude to ingratitude, anxiety to calmness) and so it is meaningless to speak of one or other field studying the "positive" or the "negative". However, we highlight historical and cultural factors which have led positive and clinical psychologies to focus on different constructs; thus the difference between the fields is more due to the constructs of study rather than their being inherently "positive" or "negative". We argue that there is much benefit to clinical psychology of considering positive psychology constructs because; (a) constructs studied by positive psychology researchers can independently predict wellbeing when accounting for traditional clinical factors, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, (2) the constructs studied by positive psychologists can interact with risk factors to predict outcomes, thereby conferring resilience, (3) interventions that aim to increase movement towards the positive pole of well-being can be used encourage movement away from the negative pole, either in However, despite a clear alliance in these aims, there has been minimal work focused on integrating findings from these two literatures. In the present article, we argue that the large body of research conducted by positive psychological researchers represents an untapped resource for clinical psychologists, which could support clinical assessment and interventions with individuals with diagnosable disorders in practice.

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Illness burden and symptoms of anxiety in older adults: optimism and pessimism as moderators

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Interrelations of stress, optimism and control in older people's psychological adjustment

Interrelations of stress, optimism and control in older people's psychological adjustment

Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback

Integrating Positive and Clinical Psychology: Viewing Human Functioning as Continua from Positive to Negative Can Benefit Clinical Assessment, Interventions and Understandings of Resilience

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