Objective
The purpose of this article was to systematically review literature on the impact of patients’ psychiatric hospitalizations on caregivers. Implications for practice and research are presented.
Methods
A systematic search of Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo, and Medline (PubMed) was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published before August 31, 2013. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies were included if they focused on caregiver outcomes and contained data collected directly from caregivers of patients who had been psychiatrically hospitalized.
Results
Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Caregivers are heterogeneous in their reaction to the psychiatric hospitalization; however, many report distress. Caregivers also often report that they experience stigma, disruptions in daily life, worse physical health, economic strain, and changes in relationships following hospitalization. Negative reactions to the hospitalization may decrease over time, but can remain elevated when compared to the general population. Nonetheless, many caregivers also experience positive changes as a result of the hospitalization. The reaction of caregivers may be influenced by the severity of the patient’s psychiatric problems as well as the caregiver’s demographics and style of coping.
Conclusions
Caregivers experience a range of reactions to the psychiatric hospitalizations and providing caregivers with psychoeducation on their possible reaction as well as techniques to assist them may improve clinical outcomes for patients. Future research is needed to understand the heterogeneity in caregiver’s reactions to the patient’s psychiatric hospitalization.