Illumina-Based Analysis of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Bacterial Diversity of the Coastal Halophyte Messerschmidia sibirica

Abstract

Halophytes play important roles in coastal ecosystems. However, few reports have described bacterial communities related to halophytes, and the distribution patterns of these bacteria in different plant tissues have been rarely compared. This paper mainly studied the diversity and community structure of endophytic and rhizosphere (Rh) bacteria related to the halophyte Messerschmidia sibirica, a dominant species in the coastal zone of Shandong Peninsula, China. We collected leaf (Lf), stem (Sm), root (Rt), Rh, and bulk (Bl) control soil samples, and sequenced the V5–V7 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina HiSeq platform to identify bacterial communities originating from different plant habitats. We found that the bacterial richness and diversity in Rh were significantly higher than those in the leaves, Sm, and Rt, but lower than those of the Bl control soil. In total, 37 phyla and 438 genera were identified. Microbial-diversity analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla and that Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Microbacterium, Rhizobium, and Nocardioides were the dominant genera. However, there were clear differences in community diversity and structure among the samples. Endophytic bacteria community in Lf, Sm, and Rt shared more similarity than those in Rh and Bl control soil. The numbers of operational taxonomic units exclusive to the Lf, stem, Rt, Rh, and Bl control soil samples were 51, 43, 122, 139, and 922, respectively, implying habitat-specific patterns. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated differences were apparent in the bacterial communities associated with habitats. On the whole, M. sibirica affected bacterial diversity and structured the bacterial community. This study provides insight into the complex microbial compositions of coastal halophytes.

Diversity of Bacterial Microbiota of Coastal Halophyte Limonium sinense and Amelioration of Salinity Stress Damage by Symbiotic Plant Growth-Promoting Actinobacterium Glutamicibacter halophytocola KLBMP 5180

“…Indeed, the bacterial communities of the roots and leaves were similar in composition, while the rhizosphere soil had the greatest bacterial diversity and species richness. This finding is in accordance with the reports of the bacterial microbiota of the coastal halophytes Limonium vulgare (39) and Messerschmidia sibirica (40). This is probably due to the exudates secreted by plant roots, which could be used as carbon and nitrogen sources for bacterial growth in the rhizosphere (41).…”

“…2c). Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria may exhibit profound roles in the adaptation of the host plant to different environments, as these phyla also dominated the microbiota of other halophytes (40,42,43). In the rhizosphere, soil, roots, and leaves, the dominant genera were Bacillus, Enterococcus, Paenarthrobacter, and Solibacillus, respectively.…”

Bacterial Diversity Associated With the Rhizosphere and Endosphere of Two Halophytes: Glaux maritima and Salicornia europaea

“…maritima and S . europaea , as these phyla are also dominant in other halophytes ( Shi et al, 2015 ; Mukhtar et al, 2017 ; Tian and Zhang, 2017 ). Mukhtar et al (2017) reported that Planctomycetes was also a dominant phylum in Salsola stocksii , similar to our results.…”

“…A large number of reports have shown that halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) isolated from halophytes enhance salt tolerance in their host plants. For example, the salt tolerance of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum is improved by its endophytic bacteria ( Navarro-Torre et al, 2017 ; Tian and Zhang, 2017 ). As another example, in Salicornia strobilacea , rhizospheric bacteria which can stably colonize the rhizoplane are capable of improving plant growth ( Marasco et al, 2016 ).…”

The Root Nodule Microbiome of Cultivated and Wild Halophytic Legumes Showed Similar Diversity but Distinct Community Structure in Yellow River Delta Saline Soils

“…Rhizobia, which are associated with nodule formation in legume plants, supply nitrogen to the host plants, and can also exist in non-legume plants as beneficial endophytes [6,7]. These rhizobia play important roles in low-input agriculture, land reclamation, and saline soil restoration [8][9][10].…”