Illuminating nature’s beauty: modular, scalable and low-cost LED dome illumination system using 3D-printing technology

Bäumler, Fabian; Koehnsen, Alexander; Tramsen, Halvor T.; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Büsse, Sebastian

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69075-y

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For stacked photography, we used a custom-made 3D-printed illumination dome system (Bäumler et al 2020) and an Olympus OMD 10mkII digital camera (Olympus K.K., Tokyo, Japan), equipped with a Leica 45 mm macro lens (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). All images were subsequently processed in Affinity Photo and Affinity Designer (Serif Ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)

2021

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The insect leg is a multifunctional device, varying tremendously in form and function within Insecta: from a common walking leg, to burrowing, swimming or jumping devices, up to spinning apparatuses or tools for prey capturing. Raptorial forelegs, as predatory striking and grasping devices, represent a prominent example for convergent evolution within insects showing strong morphological and behavioural adaptations for a lifestyle as an ambush predator. However, apart from praying mantises (Mantodea)—the most prominent example of this lifestyle—the knowledge on morphology, anatomy, and the functionality of insect raptorial forelegs, in general, is scarce. Here, we show a detailed morphological description of raptorial forelegs of Mantispa styriaca (Neuroptera), including musculature and the material composition in their cuticle; further, we will discuss the mechanism of the predatory strike. We could confirm all 15 muscles previously described for mantis lacewings, regarding extrinsic and intrinsic musculature, expanding it for one important new muscle—M24c. Combining the information from all of our results, we were able to identify a possible catapult mechanism (latch-mediated spring actuation system) as a driving force of the predatory strike, never proposed for mantis lacewings before. Our results lead to a better understanding of the biomechanical aspects of the predatory strike in Mantispidae. This study further represents a starting point for a comprehensive biomechanical investigation of the convergently evolved raptorial forelegs in insects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)

2021

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“…For z-stacked photography (Fig. 1), we used a custom-made 3D-printed illumination dome system (Bäumler et al 2020) and an Olympus OMD 10mkII digital camera (Olympus K.K., Tokyo, Japan), equipped with a Leica 45 mm macro lens (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). The images were subsequently processed in Affinity Photo and Affinity Designer (Serif Ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary morphology of the antennal heart in stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) and webspinners (Embioptera) (Insecta: Eukinolabia)

et al. 2021

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The morphology of the antennal hearts in the head of Phasmatodea and Embioptera was investigated with particular reference to phylogenetically relevant key taxa. The antennal circulatory organs of all examined species have the same basic construction: they consist of antennal vessels that are connected to ampullae located in the head near the antenna base. The ampullae are pulsatile due to associated muscles, but the points of attachment differ between the species studied. All examined Phasmatodea species have a Musculus (M.) interampullaris which extends between the two ampullae plus a M. ampulloaorticus that runs from the ampullae to the anterior end of the aorta; upon contraction, all these muscles dilate the lumina of both ampullae at the same time. In Embioptera, only the australembiid Metoligotoma has an M. interampullaris. All other studied webspinners instead have a M. ampullofrontalis which extends between the ampullae and the frontal region of the head capsule; these species do not have M. ampulloaorticus. Outgroup comparison indicates that an antennal heart with a M. interampullaris is the plesiomorphic character state among Embioptera and the likely ground pattern of the taxon Eukinolabia. Antennal hearts with a M. ampullofrontalis represent a derived condition that occurs among insects only in some embiopterans. These findings help to further clarify the controversially discussed internal phylogeny of webspinners by supporting the view that Australembiidae are the sister group of the remaining Embioptera.

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“…For stacked photography, we used a custom-made 3D-printed LED illumination dome system (Bäumler et al 2020) and an Olympus OMD 10mkII digital camera (Olympus K.K., Tokyo, Japan), equipped with a Leica 45mm macro lens (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). In general, all images were subsequently processed in Affinity Photo and Affinity Designer (Serif Ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand throwing in a pit-building antlion larva from a soil mechanical perspective

Büsse

Büscher

Heepe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Sandy pitfall traps are an elaborate construction to capture prey and antlions are well-known representatives of this predation technique. From a soil mechanical perspective, antlions exploit the interactions between the particles of their habitat and engineer a stable trap. This construction is close to the unstable state, where a prey item will immediately slide towards the center - towards the ambushing antlion - when accidently entering the trap. This method is efficient, but requires permanent pit maintaining. According to the present knowledge, antlions throw sand at their prey, to distract it, and/or cause sand slides towards the center of the pit. Using sand throwing and escape experiments, as well as finite element analysis, we supported this hypothesis. Furthermore, we added new hypothesis about maintaining the pitfall trap. We showed that sand that accumulates in the center of the pit will be continuously removed, which lead to the slope maintenance close to an unstable condition. This avoids self-burial of the antlion, as well as decreasing the chance of prey item escapes by keeping the slope angle steep. This demonstrates the interaction of an insect larva with its abiotic environment from a novel perspective and adds further insights into longstanding entomological hypotheses.

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Illuminating nature’s beauty: modular, scalable and low-cost LED dome illumination system using 3D-printing technology

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)

Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)

Evolutionary morphology of the antennal heart in stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) and webspinners (Embioptera) (Insecta: Eukinolabia)

Sand throwing in a pit-building antlion larva from a soil mechanical perspective

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