Illuminating the systematics of theSpiranthes sinensisspecies complex (Orchidaceae): ecological speciation with little morphological differentiation

Pace, Matthew C.; Giraldo, Giovanny; Frericks, Jonathan; Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Cameron, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy072

Cited by 16 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Taxonomic identification was based on Grubov [23,36], and recently published articles on genera Herminium [31], followed by Spiranthes [32], Platanthera [33], and Dactylorhiza [37]. The nomenclature of each taxon was followed based on the Plants of the World Online (http: //www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/, accessed on 10 April 2021), International Plant Name Index (www.ipni.org, accessed on 10 April 2021), and The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org, accessed on 15 April 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, S. ameona was proven to be a synonym of S. sinensis, which is mentioned in the Conspectus of Mongolian flora [25]. More recently, Pace et al [32] investigated the Spiranthes sinensis complex based on molecular and morphological differences among Spiranthes taxa worldwide. According to Pace et al [32], Mongolian S. sinensis and S. ameona are clearly identified as S. australis with hairy and densely pubescent flowering stems (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Taxonomic Notes On Selected Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, some genera, such as Herminium L., Spiranthes Rich., and Platanthera Rich. have been revised based on morphological and molecular evidence from Asian countries, including Mongolia [31][32][33]. Our previous study reported Cypripeidum Sw. with a photo illustration, its habitat, species examination, and a detailed distribution map of the country [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orchids of Mongolia: Taxonomy, Species Richness and Conservation Status

Baasanmunkh

Oyuntsetseg

Efimov³

et al. 2021

Diversity

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Orchidaceae is a diverse, globally important plant family with high conservation assessment and prioritization requirements. The checklist of Orchidaceae in Mongolia was updated based on herbarium materials, literature, and field observations. Mongolian orchids were revised as comprising 26 taxa belonging to 14 genera with major updates were conducted on Herminium and Epipactis. In particular, H. alaschanicum, previously noted in the Alashan Gobi region, was added to the flora of Mongolia based on literature and type specimens. Epipactis helleborine and E. palustris were excluded from the Mongolian flora owing to the absence of herbarium specimens and wild collection from Mongolia. Assessment of all orchid species at the national level resulted in 1, 4, 7, 11, and 2 species as critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), and data deficient (DD), respectively, according to IUCN criteria. Species richness and conservation gap analyses of 970 georeferenced orchid records based on 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells across 16 phytogeographical regions of Mongolia, showed that four phytogeographical regions, Khangai, Khuvgul, Khentii and Mongolian Dauria, have a high number of orchids. Regrettably, most orchid-rich locations in Mongolia are not fully within protected areas, highlighting the need for protection management updates. Based on herbarium collections, we prepared grid distribution maps of the 26 taxa using 40 × 40 km2 grids. Photographs of 18 taxa taken during fieldwork were included, providing valuable information on species morphology and typical habitat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taxonomic Notes On Selected Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orchids of Mongolia: Taxonomy, Species Richness and Conservation Status

Baasanmunkh

Oyuntsetseg

Efimov³

et al. 2021

Diversity

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“…The genus Spiranthes (Richard 1817) includes about 50 species and is widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the Americas, Eurasia, and Australia (Dueck et al 2014;Pace et al 2019;Surveswaran et al 2017Surveswaran et al , 2018. Nevertheless, delimitation of closely related Spiranthes species based solely on morphology is hampered by phenotypic plasticity, morphological convergence, and hybridization (Dueck et al 2014;Pace et al 2019;Pace & Cameron 2017;Surveswaran et al 2017Surveswaran et al , 2018Tao et al 2018). In particular, the taxonomy of Old World S. sinensis (Persoon 1807: 511) Ames (1908: 53) species complex is highly challenging, due to its wide distribution and morphological variation (Hsu & Chung 2014;Hu & Barretto 1976;Lin & Lin 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan

Suetsugu

Hsu

2023

Phytotaxa

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The taxonomy of Spiranthes is highly challenging due to its phenotypic plasticity, morphological convergence, and hybridization. This paper presents a re-evaluation of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, with special reference to the taxonomic identity of S. suishaensis that has often been considered the earlier name of S. nivea or S. hongkongensis. Nonetheless, the floral dissection of the type specimen revealed that S. suishaensis has a well-developed rostellum that separates the stigma and pollinarium of each flower, in contrast to autogamous taxa such as S. nivea and S. hongkongensis. Given the morphological evidence and that only S. sinensis was collected in the S. suishaensis type locality, we concluded that S. suishaensis is neither an earlier name for S. nivea nor S. hongkongensis but a synonym of S. sinensis. During morphological comparisons of S. suishaensis with other taxa of S. sinensis complex, we also found that the taxon illegitimately described as “S. minutiflora” could be treated as a variant of S. nivea. Given that it is distinguishable from S. nivea var. nivea by its more densely pubescent rachis and ovaries (vs. sparsely pubescent rachis and ovaries), narrower sepals with white tinged with pink or purple at apex (vs. wider and entirely white sepals), and papillose labellum disc (vs. almost glabrous labellum disc), we described it as a new variety of S. nivea, which we propose to name S. nivea var. papillata T.C. Hsu & Suetsugu. Consequently, we concluded that three species (S. sinensis, S. hongkongensis, and S. nivea [including var. nivea and var. papillata]) and one hybrid, S. australis × S. sinensis, occur in Taiwan.

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“…These cryptic hybrid species represent distinct evolutionary lineages worthy of taxonomic recognition, but they are often morphologically intractable and overlooked. Among North American Orchidaceae, Spiranthes (Richard 1817: 28-29) contains the largest number of hybrid taxa supported by molecular phylogenetic data (Arft & Ranker 1998, Szalanski et al 2001, 2019, with four accepted species of hybrid origin and three nothospecies; an additional nothospecies occurs in East Asia (Surveswaran et al 2018, Pace et al 2018, Suetsugu et al 2020. More broadly, the integration of molecular phylogenetic data and specimen based morphometric and phenological analyses have recently led to the description or re-recognition of six additional morphologically cryptic non-hybrid Spiranthes (Pace & Cameron 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

Pace

2021

Phytotaxa

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Recognizing species diversity is challenging in genera that display interspecific similarity and intraspecific variation; hybridization and the evolution of cryptic hybrid species amplifies these challenges. Recent molecular and morphological research focused on the systematics of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) support hybrid speciation as an important driver of species diversity, particularly within the S. cernua species complex. Working under an integrated history-bound phylogenetic species concept, new molecular and morphometric data provide evidence for a new and rare cryptic hybrid species resulting from the ancient hybridization of S. cernua × S. odorata, here described as S. bightensis. Although S. bightensis is regionally sympatric with S. cernua it does not co-occur with that species, and it is allopatric with respect to S. odorata. Endemic to a narrow region extending from the Delmarva Peninsula to Long Island, New York, this new species occurs in the shadow of the Northeast megalopolis and appears to have undergone a major population decline over the last 200 years. By recognizing this distinct evolutionary lineage as a new species, this research is the first step towards developing conservation protocols for this rare species and highlights the importance of the North American Geologic Coastal Plain for biodiversity conservation and evolution.

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Illuminating the systematics of theSpiranthes sinensisspecies complex (Orchidaceae): ecological speciation with little morphological differentiation

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Orchids of Mongolia: Taxonomy, Species Richness and Conservation Status

Orchids of Mongolia: Taxonomy, Species Richness and Conservation Status

Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan

<strong><em>Spiranthes bightensis</em> (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast</strong><em></em>

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