Illusory Figures Based on Local Kinematics

Bruno, Nicola; Gerbino, Walter

doi:10.1068/p200259

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, such enhancement of perceived strength is not due to the change of inter-pacmen gap. It is more important that there is no significant difference between ExpansI and ExpansF (not between TransI and TransF either), which is different from the previous study [26] . Consequently, we assume that there is no so-called "Background Superior Effect", at least for Kanizsa illusory contours.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Perception of illusory contours enhanced in motion

Ni¹

2003

Sci China Ser C

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Investigation on illusory contours is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying the object recognition of human visual system. Numerous researches have shown that illusory contours formed in motion and stereopsis are generated by the unmatched features. Here we conduct three psychophysical experiments to test if Kanizsa illusory contours are also caused by unmatched information. Different types of motion (including horizontal translation, radial expanding and shrinking) are utilized in the experiments. The results show that no matter under what kind of motion, when figures or background move separately illusory contours are perceived stronger, and there is no significant difference between the perceived strength in these two types of motion. However, no such enhancement of perceived strength is found when figures and background move together. It is found that the strengthened unmatched features generate the enhancement effect of illusory contour perception in motion. Thus the results suggest that the process of unmatched information in visual system is a critical step in the formation of illusory contours.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Perception of illusory contours enhanced in motion

Ni¹

2003

Sci China Ser C

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“…Current models of SBF (e.g., Bruno & Gerbino, 1991, Shipley & Kellman, 1997 focus on the role of the local motion signals that arise at the edges of moving surfaces; however, it is possible to integrate information about the global motion of the form into these models. For example, Kellman (1994, 1997) suggested that the contours seen in SBF displays are best accounted for by a motion-before-form model in which local motion signals, defined by pairs of abrupt element transformations, serve as the basis for local boundary formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between spatial and spatiotemporal information in spatiotemporal boundary formation

Cunningham

Shipley

Kellman

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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The surface and boundaries of an object generally move in unison, so the motion of a surface could provide information about the motion of its boundaries. Here we report the results of three experiments on spatiotemporal boundary formation that indicate that information about the motion of a surface does influence the formation of its boundaries. In Experiment 1,shape identification at low texture densities was poorer for moving forms in which stationary texture was visible inside than for forms in which the stationary texture was visible only outside. In Experiment 2, the disruption found in Experiment I was removed by adding a second external boundary. We hypothesized that the disruption was caused by boundary assignment that perceptually grouped the moving boundary with the static texture. Experiment 3 revealed that accurate information about the motion of the surface facilitated boundary formation only when the motion was seen as coming from the surface of the moving form. Potential mechanisms for surface motion effects in dynamic boundary formation are discussed.

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“…Contour completion occurs between these stereoscopically defined inducers across areas with no local luminance or depth discontinuities-a remarkable fact when one considers that in the completed regions there is substantial evidence, in the form of dot pairs specifying depth behind the inducing elements, against the existence of an occluding illusory figure. Similarly, in the kinetic domain, illusory contours can be specified by local motion cues (Andersen & Cortese, 1989;Bruno & Bertamini, 1990;Bruno & Gerbino, 1991;Kaplan, 1969;Kellman & Loukides, 1987;Shipley & Kellman, 1994;Stappers, 1989) or can be induced with no local cues, but with motion-defined inducers (Kellman & Loukides, 1987;Prazdny, 1986). Cases ofillusory contour generation in the absence oflocal stereo or kinetic cues are examples ofsecond-order contour completion.…”

Section: Other Types Of Illusory Contoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory contours: Toward a neurally based perceptual theory

Lesher

1995

Psychon Bull Rev

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Although illusory contours were first described nearly a century ago, researchers have only recently begun to approach a consensus on the processes underlying their formation. Neurophysiological and psychophysical evidence indicate that neural mechanisms of the early visual cortex subserve illusory contour generation, although cognitive factors play important roles in determining the fmal percept. I summarize experiments concerning the determinants of illusory contour strength and form, concentrating on findings particularly relevant to modeling. After establishing arguments for the early generation of illusory contours, I provide an overview of formation theories, culminating with descriptions of neural models. The constraints that experimental data place on models are outlined, and neural models are evaluated with respect to these constraints. Throughout the review,I indicate where further experimental and modeling research are critical.Schumann introduced the first illusory contour, depicted in Figure 1a, in 1900, noting that a central "white rectangle with sharply defined contours appears, which objectively are not there." Schumann had discovered and noted two salient features of illusory figures: sharp edges in regions of homogeneous luminance, and a brightening within the figure. Perhaps because this stimulus failed to yield particularly convincing illusory contours, it was not until more than 50 years later that illusory contours became a topic for activeresearch. Although Ehrenstein (1941) demonstrated stimuli with salient illusory contours, it is remarkable that he failed to note their existence in the text of his article explicitly, commenting instead only on illusory brightening effects. Kanizsa's (1955) stunning figures, examples of which are depicted in Figures Iband 1c, produced extremely sharp, salient contours along with obvious brightening, initiating a wave of research.Although there have been a number ofexcellent illusory contour review papers Meyer & Petry, 1987;Parks, 1984), research advances in the psychophysical, neurophysiological, and modeling domains have been more than sufficient to mandate a new summary ofthe literature. Inthis review, I will not only present more recent data, but also employ an approach to the summaries that is markedly different from those previously taken. At the time of the earlier reviews, determination of the locus of formation of illusory contours was the central issue in illusory contour research, a fact reflected in the structure of the review papers. Experimental results were presented primarily in the historical context of supporting or refut-I would like to thank Ennio Mmgolla of Boston University for generously providing many helpful comments and suggestions during the development ofthis review.

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Illusory Figures Based on Local Kinematics

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Perception of illusory contours enhanced in motion

Perception of illusory contours enhanced in motion

Interactions between spatial and spatiotemporal information in spatiotemporal boundary formation

Illusory contours: Toward a neurally based perceptual theory

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