ILSI Europe Workshop on Assessing Health Risks from Environmental Exposure to Chemicals: the Example of Drinking Water

Hofer, Michaël; Shuker, L.K.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00126-x

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In urban areas, VOC concentrations in drinking water may be high due to oil spills and leakage from underground fuel/chemical storage tanks, whereas in rural areas, agricultural activities may lead to increased VOC levels. VOCs may also be released from the components of home distribution systems due to leaching of the plastic piping used in plumbing or from adhesives used in the original construction of the system (Hofer and Shuker, 2000;Squillace et al, 2002). Furthermore, the processes practiced in drinking water treatment plants (i.e., disinfection) and the chemicals added to the water for specific treatment goals may result in the production of specific VOC species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, oral exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in drinking water for İzmir

et al. 2006

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Exposure Risk Trihalomethanes İzmir A B S T R A C TConcentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the drinking water in Province of İzmir, Turkey, and associated health risks due to ingestion of these compounds were investigated using population weighted random samples. A total of 100 houses were visited in different districts of İzmir and drinking water samples were collected from consumers' drinking water source. Questionnaires were administered to one participant in each house to determine demographics and drinking water consumption rates. Oral exposure and risks were estimated for each participant and İzmir population by deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively. The four trihalomethane (THM) species (i.e., chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene were the most frequently detected VOCs with concentrations ranging from below detection limit to 35 mg/l. The risk estimates were found to be less than the values reported in the literature with few exceptions.Noncarcinogenic risks attributable to ingestion of VOCs for İzmir population were negligible, whereas the mean carcinogenic risk estimates for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were above the de minimis level of one in a million (10 À6 ). For all VOCs, the concentrations measured in metropolitan area were greater than those in other districts. All THM species were detected in higher concentrations in tap water, whereas nontap water contained more benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene. Therefore, the concentrations of the latter four compounds and associated risks increased with increasing income and education level since bottled water was used in larger proportions within these subgroups. The results of this study showed that oral exposure to drinking water contaminants and associated risks may be higher than the acceptable levels even if the concentrations fall below the standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, oral exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in drinking water for İzmir

et al. 2006

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“…Figs. (5) and (6) show results of samples from Fressi table water upon treatment with strains TA 100 and TA 98, respectively. These results showed predominant cytotoxicity except for the UV water sample treated with TA 98.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic Potentials of Potable Water From Ground Sources

Agwa¹,

Eze²,

Okpokwasili³

2017

TOBIOTJ

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Background:The presence of compounds with mutagenic activity in drinking water by means of short-term mutagenicity tests have been revealed in many studies. The influence of the different water treatment steps on the mutagenicity of some drinking water samples were evaluated using the Ames test.Method:Four different types of samples were collected from four water treatment factories within Port Harcourt metropolis: raw water from borehole (1), water after sand and granular activated carbon filtration (2), water after reverse osmosis (3), and water after Ozone and UV treatment (4). These samples were subjected to mutagenicity test using two mutant strains ofSalmonella typhimurium(TA 100 and TA 98) without S9 activation enzyme.Result:The mutagenic analysis results revealed that raw water samples from Kent and Rivoli table water products showed mutagenic potential with TA100 and TA 98, respectively. But Kent table water showed more mutagenic potential than Rivoli and Fressi table water samples. Fressi table water is predominantly cytotoxic with all the treatment processes except for UV treatment with TA 98 strain. The finished products (water after ozone and UV treatment) of Kent table water and Rivoli table water also showed mutagenic potentials higher than those treated with TA100 and TA98 without S9 mix, respectively. Only the samples treated with activated carbon showed highly reduced mutagenic potential.Conclusion:This study highlights the mutagenic effects of water treatment as another quality assessment option for assessing the portability of water samples. Water treatment with activated carbon can be reintroduced after disinfection with ozone/ultraviolet to eliminate possible mutagenic by-product in the finished product.

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“…There is a clear need of improved methods for assessing risks from contaminants in MAR schemes, also in extended systems including river basins, aquifer and surface treatment, water distribution, and consumption areas. Many existing methodologies can be used, such as extending quantitative microbial risk assessment (Schijven et al ) and aquatic risk assessment of chemicals (Hofer and Suker ) to include groundwater infiltration and water distribution stages, in normal and abnormal scenarios such as floods. Methods from areas such as integrated water resource modeling can also be used (Letcher et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated frameworks for assessing and managing health risks in the context of managed aquifer recharge with river water

Assmuth

Simola

Pitkänen

et al. 2015

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Integrated assessment and management of water resources for the supply of potable water is increasingly important in light of projected water scarcity in many parts of the world. This article develops frameworks for regional-level waterborne human health risk assessment of chemical and microbiological contamination to aid water management, incorporating economic aspects of health risks. Managed aquifer recharge with surface water from a river in Southern Finland is used as an illustrative case. With a starting point in watershed governance, stakeholder concerns, and value-at-risk concepts, we merge common methods for integrative health risk analysis of contaminants to describe risks and impacts dynamically and broadly. This involves structuring analyses along the risk chain: sources-releases-environmental transport and fate-exposures-health effects-socio-economic impacts-management responses. Risks attributed to contaminants are embedded in other risks, such as contaminants from other sources, and related to benefits from improved water quality. A set of models along this risk chain in the case is presented. Fundamental issues in the assessment are identified, including 1) framing of risks, scenarios, and choices; 2) interaction of models and empirical information; 3) time dimension; 4) distributions of risks and benefits; and 5) uncertainties about risks and controls. We find that all these combine objective and subjective aspects, and involve value judgments and policy choices. We conclude with proposals for overcoming conceptual and functional divides and lock-ins to improve modeling, assessment, and management of complex water supply schemes, especially by reflective solution-oriented interdisciplinary and multi-actor deliberation.

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ILSI Europe Workshop on Assessing Health Risks from Environmental Exposure to Chemicals: the Example of Drinking Water

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence, oral exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in drinking water for İzmir

Occurrence, oral exposure and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in drinking water for İzmir

Mutagenic Potentials of Potable Water From Ground Sources

Integrated frameworks for assessing and managing health risks in the context of managed aquifer recharge with river water

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