“…Other liveness detection approaches for fake fingerprint detection include: the combination of both perspiration and elasticity related features in fingerprint image sequences [44]; fingerprint-specific quality-related features [100,36]; the combination of the local ridge frequency with other multiresolution texture parameters [1]; techniques which, following the perspiration-related trend, analyze the skin sweat pores visible in high definition images [64,67]; the use of electric properties of the skin [65]; using several image processing tools for the analysis of the finger tip surface texture such as wavelets [69], or three very related works using gabor filters [73], ridgelets [74] and curvelets [72]; analyzing different characteristics of the Fourier spectrum of real and fake fingerprint images [29,45,46,54,62].…”