“…For example, great contributions have made by synthesizing UBEM tools and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to capture geometric information of buildings [22,24,26,27]. Drones [28], sensors [29], computer vision techniques [30], and other opensource datasets [31] are employed to obtain building properties. However, some building characteristics such as building shapes, thermal properties and interactions are challenging to simulate, which can significantly affect building shading, urban heat islands, and wind flow, then further directly or indirectly influence building energy consumption.…”