Image-Derived Input Function for Brain PET Studies: Many Challenges and Few Opportunities

Zanotti‐Fregonara, Paolo; Chen, Kewei; Liow, Jeih San; Fujita, Masahiro; Innis, Robert B.

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2011.107

Cited by 204 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…However in PET studies of the brain, calculation of the IDIF is challenged by two factors: PVE [231,232] due to the small size of the blood pools, and subject motion [232,233]. Various approaches have been proposed to extract an accurate IDIF that can be classified into PET-only based methods [232,[234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244], stand-alone PET and MR-based methods [228,245,246], and fully-integrated PET/MR-based methods [247][248][249].…”

Section: Kinetic Modeling and Image Derived Input Function (Idif)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

et al. 2018

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State-of-the-art patient management frequently requires the use of non-invasive imaging methods to assess the anatomy, function or molecular-biological conditions of patients or study subjects. Such imaging methods can be singular, providing either anatomical or molecular information, or they can be combined, thus, providing "anato-metabolic" information. Hybrid imaging denotes image acquisitions on systems that physically combine complementary imaging modalities for an improved diagnostic accuracy and confidence as well as for increased patient comfort. The physical combination of formerly independent imaging modalities was driven by leading innovators in the field of clinical research and benefited from technological advances that permitted the operation of PET and MR in close physical proximity, for example. This review covers milestones of the development of various hybrid imaging systems for use in clinical practice and small-animal research. Special attention is given to technological advances that helped the adoption of hybrid imaging, as well as to introducing methodological concepts that benefit from the availability of complementary anatomical and biological information, such as new types of image reconstruction and data correction schemes. The ultimate goal of hybrid imaging is to provide useful, complementary and quantitative information during patient work-up. Hybrid imaging also opens the door to multi-parametric assessment of diseases, which will help us better understand the causes of various diseases that currently contribute to a large fraction of healthcare costs.

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Section: Kinetic Modeling and Image Derived Input Function (Idif)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

et al. 2018

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“…28 In fact, the Logan plot is relatively insensitive to errors in the shape of the input function as long as the total area under the curve is well estimated. 29 In contrast, model-driven and spectral-based approaches require that the shape of the input function, including the peak, be perfectly estimated. If the shape is wrong-a common event with both image-derived input function and population-based input function -then not only the microparameters but also the macroparameters, which are derived from the mathematical combination of the microparameters, will be erroneously estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxelwise Quantification of [¹¹C](R)-Rolipram PET Data: A Comparison Between Model-Based and Data-Driven Methods

Rizzo

Veronese

Zanotti‐Fregonara

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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This study compared model-based and data-driven methods to assess the best methodology for generating precise and accurate parametric maps of the parameters of interest in [11 C](R)-rolipram brain positron-emission tomography studies. Parametric images were generated using (1) a two-tissue compartmental model (2TCM) solved with the hierarchical basis function method (H-BFM) linear estimator; (2) data-driven spectral-based methods: standard spectral analysis (std SA) and rank-shaping SA (RS); and (3) the Logan graphical plot. Nonphysiologic V T estimates were eliminated and the remaining ones were compared with the reference values, i.e., those obtained with a voxelwise 2TCM solved with a nonlinear estimator. With regard to voxelwise V T estimates, H-BFM showed the best agreement with weighted nonlinear least square (WNLLS) values and the lowest percentage of mean relative difference (1 ± 1%). All methods showed comparable variability in the relative differences. H-BFM provided the best correlation with WNLLS (y ¼ 1.034x À 0.013; R 2 ¼ 0.973). Despite a slight bias, the other three methods also showed good agreement and high correlation (R 2 40.96). H-BFM yielded the most reliable voxelwise quantification of [ 11 C](R)-rolipram as well as the complete description of the tracer kinetic. The Logan plot represents a valid alternative if only V T estimation is required. Its marginally higher bias was outweighed by a low computational time, ease of implementation, and robustness.

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“…Moreover, 18 F-FDG does not have radiometabolites that might be blocked by the placental barrier. Although full compartmental modeling would not be possible because of the physical limitations of image-derived input functions (20), calculation of the rate of glucose metabolism in different fetal tissues nevertheless would be possible with Patlak graphic analysis (21) and an appropriate kinetic model that takes into account the fetoplacental system. If the examination is scheduled on a PET/MR imaging machine, a T2-weighted sequence could also be acquired to better delineate the fetal and placental structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Radiation Dose from ¹⁸F-FDG in Pregnant Patients Imaged with PET, PET/CT, and PET/MR

2015

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The fetal radiation dose from 18 F-FDG was estimated in a series of pregnant women who underwent a PET scan during a clinical workup for malignancies. Methods: Six pregnant patients were injected with 18 F-FDG (activity range, 296-385 MBq). Three patients were scanned during the first trimester (1 with PET and 2 with PET/CT), 2 were scanned during the second trimester (with PET/MR imaging), and 1 was scanned during the third trimester (with PET). The time-integrated activity coefficients were derived from the fetal radioactivity concentrations measured on the images for all but 1 patient (in early pregnancy [5 wk]), in whom the activity in the uterus was used as a proxy. The coefficients of the mother's organs were derived from standard values (from the International Commission on Radiological Protection). Results: Fetal doses ranged from 6.29E-03 to 2.46E-02 mGy/MBq. An earlier bladder voiding reduced these doses by 25%-45%. The 2 patients who underwent PET/MR imaging-in whom fetal contours could be accurately delineated-displayed the lowest fetal absorbed dose, likely because of more accurate region drawing, with the inclusion of areas of both low and high fetal uptake. Moreover, PET/MR imaging did not necessitate additional radiation for attenuation correction. The placenta, delineated on a PET/MR imaging scan, concentrated 0.27% of the injected activity. Conclusion: Fetal radiation doses are higher in early pregnancy than in late pregnancy, and there can be considerable intersubject variability. However, the total absorbed dose is always well below the threshold for noncancer health effects throughout pregnancy. PET/MR imaging is the optimal PET procedure for imaging pregnant women because it is not associated with radiation for attenuation correction and allows more accurate dosimetric calculations.

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Image-Derived Input Function for Brain PET Studies: Many Challenges and Few Opportunities

Cited by 204 publications

References 71 publications

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

Voxelwise Quantification of [¹¹C](R)-Rolipram PET Data: A Comparison Between Model-Based and Data-Driven Methods

Fetal Radiation Dose from ¹⁸F-FDG in Pregnant Patients Imaged with PET, PET/CT, and PET/MR

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Image-Derived Input Function for Brain PET Studies: Many Challenges and Few Opportunities

Cited by 204 publications

References 71 publications

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

Hybrid Imaging: Instrumentation and Data Processing

Voxelwise Quantification of [11C](R)-Rolipram PET Data: A Comparison Between Model-Based and Data-Driven Methods

Fetal Radiation Dose from 18F-FDG in Pregnant Patients Imaged with PET, PET/CT, and PET/MR

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Voxelwise Quantification of [¹¹C](R)-Rolipram PET Data: A Comparison Between Model-Based and Data-Driven Methods

Fetal Radiation Dose from ¹⁸F-FDG in Pregnant Patients Imaged with PET, PET/CT, and PET/MR