Image encryption by using fractional Fourier transform and jigsaw transform in image bit planes

Encryption by using matrix-added, or matrix-multiplied input images placed in the input plane of a double random phase encoding geometry

“…Nishchal et al [27] have investigated a method to encrypt and decrypt a 2D amplitude image by using jigsaw transform and a localized FrFT. Sinha and Singh [28] have investigated a technique to encrypt the image by juxtaposition of sections in image bit plane using FrFT. Image encryption based on gyrator transform and two-step phase-shifting interferometry has also been done [29].…”

A review of optical image encryption techniques

“…In addition, the DRPE has been investigated for use in multiple-image encryption [46][47][48] and color image encryption [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The image scrambling techniques, which can be viewed as computer based numerical preprocessing procedure, have also been applied in conjunction with theDRPE system using the Jigsaw transform (JT) [57][58][59] and the Arnold transform (ART) [60][61][62][63][64]. Recently, the computational ghost imaging technique has been proposed for encrypting and transmitting information, where the encrypted image appears to be an intensity vector instead of a complex-valued matrix in the typical DRPE system [65,66].…”

Color image encryption by using Arnold transform and color-blend operation in discrete cosine transform domains

“…Moreover some optical processes or transforms [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] have been considered for changing the pixel value of image. The scrambling operations, such as Arnold transform and jigsaw transform, are used to make the change of sequence of image pixels [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. A secret image can be randomized by an encryption scheme composed of random reversible process.…”