Image-Enhanced Capsule Endoscopy Improves the Identification of Small Intestinal Lesions

Abstract

Image-enhanced endoscopy is useful for diagnosing and identifying lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, image-enhanced endoscopy has become a breakthrough technology that has attracted significant attention. This image enhancing technology is available for capsule endoscopy, which is an effective tool for small intestinal lesions and has been applied in flexible spectral color enhancement technology and in contrast capsule like narrow-band imaging. In this field, most researchers focus on improving the visibility and detection of small intestinal lesions. This review summarizes previous studies on image-enhanced capsule endoscopy and aims to evaluate the efficacy of this technology.

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“…For example, the adaptive frame rate (AFR) technology with a movement sensor, which captures images depending on the speed of the capsule’s movement, of the PillCam SB3 (Medtronic, Ltd., Dublin, Ireland; 2–6 images/second) and PillCam Crohn’s capsule (PCC, Medtronic, Ltd.; 4–35 images/second) may increase the diagnostic yield of CD [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Non-white light imaging has been reported to improve the detection rate and visibility of small intestinal lesions by increasing the visualization of surface patterns and color differences in the presence of bile juice and blood [ 39 ]. For example, flexible spectral color enhancement (FICE, Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan) is a digital processing method of white light imaging that emphasizes specific ranges of wavelengths of light in the red, green, and blue spectrum [ 39 ].…”

“…Non-white light imaging has been reported to improve the detection rate and visibility of small intestinal lesions by increasing the visualization of surface patterns and color differences in the presence of bile juice and blood [ 39 ]. For example, flexible spectral color enhancement (FICE, Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan) is a digital processing method of white light imaging that emphasizes specific ranges of wavelengths of light in the red, green, and blue spectrum [ 39 ]. The FICE wavelength settings were developed with the aims of reducing blue light interference (FICE1), accentuating blood (FICE 2), and strengthening the differences between bile and blood (FICE3) [ 39 ].…”

“…For example, flexible spectral color enhancement (FICE, Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan) is a digital processing method of white light imaging that emphasizes specific ranges of wavelengths of light in the red, green, and blue spectrum [ 39 ]. The FICE wavelength settings were developed with the aims of reducing blue light interference (FICE1), accentuating blood (FICE 2), and strengthening the differences between bile and blood (FICE3) [ 39 ]. A contrast capsule (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan), which increases brightness in the blue wavelength range by using a special instrument equipped with a light-emitting diode [ 39 ], enables easy detection of areas of bleeding by selecting green and blue data.…”

“…The FICE wavelength settings were developed with the aims of reducing blue light interference (FICE1), accentuating blood (FICE 2), and strengthening the differences between bile and blood (FICE3) [ 39 ]. A contrast capsule (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan), which increases brightness in the blue wavelength range by using a special instrument equipped with a light-emitting diode [ 39 ], enables easy detection of areas of bleeding by selecting green and blue data. However, clinical trials of FICE and the contrast capsule so far have yielded controversial results for the detection of gastrointestinal lesions [ 40 , 41 ].…”

“…The CCE-2 has two high-resolution lenses providing a viewing angle of 172° on both sides of the front and back, resulting in a nearly 360° visual field [ 37 ]. The CCE-2 also employs an AFR technology that allows it to capture 4–35 images/second based on capsule movement and the FICE 1 mode can be used [ 37 , 39 ]. The PCC has an AFR and lenses on both sides of the capsule, similar to but slightly larger than the CCE-2.…”