“…Also, in [26], an effective algorithm for benign brain tumours detection has been developed using fractional calculus. Indeed, the fractional-order derivative helps in considering more neighbouring pixels information and extracting more image texture details, which encouraged more applications using this tool as well as in image enhancement [27][28][29][30], image segmentation [31,32], image registration [33,34], in-painting [35], and neural networks [36,37].…”