Image with a Message: Towards Detecting Non-Literal Image Usages by Visual Linking

Weiland, Lydia; Dietz, Laura; Ponzetto, Simone Paolo

doi:10.18653/v1/w15-2808

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…For this reason and to facilitate reproducibility of our research, we simulate object detection or rely on an external system such as the Microsoft API. While this work builds on object detection tags, it has been shown that object classes available in ImageNet are insufficient to capture objects found on images on topics of global warming [38].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge-rich image gist understanding beyond literal meaning

Weiland

Hulpuș

Ponzetto

et al. 2018

Data & Knowledge Engineering

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We investigate the problem of understanding the message (gist) conveyed by images and their captions as found, for instance, on websites or news articles. To this end, we propose a methodology to capture the meaning of image-caption pairs on the basis of large amounts of machine-readable knowledge that has previously been shown to be highly effective for text understanding. Our method identifies the connotation of objects beyond their denotation: where most approaches to image understanding focus on the denotation of objects, i.e., their literal meaning, our work addresses the identification of connotations, i.e., iconic meanings of objects, to understand the message of images. We view image understanding as the task of representing an image-caption pair on the basis of a wide-coverage vocabulary of concepts such as the one provided by Wikipedia, and cast gist detection as a concept-ranking problem with image-caption pairs as queries. Our proposed algorithm brings together aspects of entity linking and clustering, subgraph selection, semantic relatedness, and learning-to-rank in a novel way. In addition to this novel task and a complete evaluation of our approach, we introduce a novel dataset to foster further research on this problem. To enable a thorough investigation of the problem of gist understanding, we produce a gold standard of over 300 image-caption pairs and over 8,000 gist annotations covering a wide variety of topics at different levels of abstraction. We use this dataset to experimentally benchmark the contribution of signals from heterogeneous sources, namely image and text. The best result with a Mean Average Precision (MAP) of 0.69 indicate that by combining both dimensions we are able to better understand the meaning of our image-caption pairs than when using language or vision information alone. We test the robustness of our gist detection approach when receiving automatically generated input, i.e., using automatically generated image tags or generated captions, and prove the feasibility of an end-to-end automated process. However, we also show experimentally that stateof-the-art image and text understanding is better at dealing with literal meanings of image-caption pairs, with non-literal pairs being instead generally more difficult to detect, thus paving the way for future work on understanding the message of images beyond their literal content.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%