Images in Vascular Medicine: Acute peripheral artery occlusion and ischemic stroke in a patient with COVID-19

Lima, Antonia Nayanne de Almeida; Pessoa, Mariana Santos Leite; Lima, Carla Franco Costa; Coimbra, P.; Holanda, Jorge Luis Bezerra

doi:10.1177/1358863x20945020

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Cerebrovascular diseases 2 (28.6) (Xiong et al, 2020;Tiwari et al, 2021) 3 (13.6) (Asif and O' Mahony, 2020;Gulko et al, 2020;Dakay et al, 2021) 3 (15.8) (Cavalcanti et al, 2020;de Sousa et al, 2020;Dakay et al, 2021) 19 (31.7) (Al Saiegh et al, 2020;Cavalcanti et al, 2020;Cezar-Junior et al, 2020;Chia et al, 2020;Diaz-Segarra et al, 2020;Fara et al, 2020;Kantonen et al, 2020;Oxley et al, 2020;Pisano et al, 2020;Trifan et al, 2020a,b;Vu et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Al-Mufti et al, 2021;Sabayan et al, 2021;Shah et al, 2021) 31 (43.1) (Agarwal et al, 2020;Anzalone et al, 2020;Cavalcanti et al, 2020;de Almeida Lima et al, 2020;Fabbri et al, 2021;Gupta et al, 2020;Heman-Ackah et al, 2020;Lapergue et al, 2020;Nicholson et al, 2020;Oxley et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020;…”

Section: Age-associated Neurological Complications Of Covid-19unclassified

Age-Associated Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sullivan

Fischer

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The outbreak of the novel and highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths globally. Infected individuals that progress to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) experience upper and lower respiratory complications that range in severity and may lead to wide-spread inflammation and generalized hypoxia or hypoxemia that impacts multiple organ systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, multiple reports continue to emerge that detail neurological symptoms, ranging from relatively mild (e.g., impaired taste and/or smell) to severe (e.g., stroke), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 may be neurotropic and/or contribute to nervous system injury through direct and/or indirect mechanisms. To gain insight into the types of neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their possible relationship with age, sex, COVID-19 severity, and comorbidities, we performed a systematic review of case reports and series published in 2020 – April 4, 2021 of infected patients with neurological manifestations. Meta-analyses were conducted using individual patient data from reports where these data could be extracted. Here, we report neurological injury occurs across the lifespan in the context of infection, with and without known comorbidities, and with all disease severities, including asymptomatic patients. Older individuals, however, are more susceptible to developing life-threatening COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), such as stroke. A mild but inverse correlation with age was seen with CNS inflammatory diseases, such as encephalitis, as well as taste and/or smell disorders. When reported, increased age was also associated with comorbid cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and lipid disorders, but not with obesity. Obesity did correlate with development of critical COVID-19. Discussion into potential pathophysiological mechanisms by which neurological symptoms arise and long-term consequences of infection to the nervous system is also provided.

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Section: Age-associated Neurological Complications Of Covid-19unclassified

Age-Associated Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sullivan

Fischer

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The remaining 71 articles (127 patients) that satisfied the criteria mentioned above were included in this review. In this review, 80 cases of patients developed IS during COVID-19 infection (Aasfara et al 2021 ; Abdulkadir et al 2020 ; Agarwal et al 2020 ; Al-Mufti et al 2021 ; Al Saiegh et al 2020 ; Appavu et al 2021 ; Ashraf and Sajed 2020 ; Avula et al 2020 ; Bessa et al 2020 ; Bigliardi et al 2020 ; Burkert and Patil 2020 ; Co et al 2020 ; Dakay et al 2020a , b ; de Almeida Lima et al 2020 ; de Lorenzo Alvarez et al 2021 ; Deliwala et al 2020 ; Dumitrascu et al 2020 ; Efendizade et al 2020 ; El Nahas et al 2020 ; Elshereye and Erdinc 2020 ; Eskandarani et al 2021 ; Fu et al 2021 ; Garg et al, 2020 ; Gemcioglu et al 2020 ; Goette et al 2020 ; Goldberg et al 2020 ; Guillan et al 2020 ; Iqbal et al 2021 ; Kwon et al 2020 ; Mahboob et al 2020 ; Mansour et al 2020 ; Mirzaee et al 2020 ; Morassi et al 2020 ; Mowla et al 2020 ; Patel et al 2020a , b ; Patel et al 2020a , b ; Prasad et al 2021 ; Priftis et al 2020 ; Rajdev et al 2020 ; Rascón-Ramírez et al 2020 ; Roy et al 2021 ; Valderrama et al 2020 ; Viguier et al 2020 ; Zhai et al 2020 ), 32 cases developed intracranial hemorrhage (Ahmad et al 2021 ; Al-Mufti et al 2021 ; Al Saiegh et al 2020 ; Carroll and Lewis 2021 ; Cezar-Junior et al 2020 ; Dakay et al 2020a , b ; Dakay et al 2020a , ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-based systematic review on the SARS-COVID-2-associated cerebrovascular diseases and the possible virus routes of entry

Lashkari

Ranjbar

2021

J. Neurovirol.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sparked a global pandemic that continues to affect various facets of human existence. Many sources reported virus-induced acute cerebrovascular disorders. Systematically, this paper reviews the case studies of COVID-19-related acute cerebrovascular diseases such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral sinus thrombosis. We also spoke about how SARS-CoV-2 can infect the brain and trigger the aforementioned disorders. We stated that SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and BBB dysfunction could cause the observed disorders; however, further research is required to specify the mechanisms and pathogenesis of the virus.

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“…8,9 A third pathological change is microthrombus-related end organ (kidneys, heart, spleen and central nervous system) damage mainly caused by impairment of coagulation mechanisms and immune response. 7,10,11 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) infections have been shown to be associated with a coagulopathy characterized by an increase in procoagulant factors, such as fibrinogen and a strong increase in D-dimers associated with higher mortality. 12 Bilateral pneumonia is a characteristic finding of severe COVID-19 disease, but other organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver and the central nervous system are affected in at least half of the fatal cases of COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does COVID-19 cause an increase in spleen dimensions? Possible effects of immune activation, hematopoietic suppression and microthrombosis

et al. 2021

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Purpose To radiologically examine how the spleen size, which has important functions in hematological and immunological balance, is affected in COVID-19. Methods Between July 1 and August 31, 2020, consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed. Among these patients, those who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) examination at the time of presentation, patients with follow-up CT due to clinical deterioration were included in the study. The CTs of the patients were evaluated in terms of spleen size and volume. Results A total of 160 patients (88 females, 55%) were included in the study. The mean time between the initial and follow-up CT was 7.2 ± 2.8 days. The splenic volume (244.3 ± 136.7 vs. 303.5 ± 156.3 cm 3 ) and splenic index (421.2 ± 235.5 vs. 523.2 ± 269.4 cm 3 ) values were significantly higher in the follow-up CT compared to the initial CT (p < 0.001). The increase in the splenic volume and splenic index values was 59.2 ± 52.4 cm 3 and 101.9 ± 90.3 cm 3 (p < 0.001), respectively. The COVID-19 severity score was significantly higher in the follow-up CT compared to the initial CT (3.7 ± 4.2 vs. 12.5 ± 5.7, respectively; p < 0.001). The spleen width measured separately on the initial and follow-up CTs showed a highest positive correlation (r = 0.982, p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study indicates that spleen size increases slightly-moderately in the first stages of the infection, and this increase is correlated with the COVID-19 severity score calculated on the chest CT data, and in this respect, it is similar to infections presenting with cytokine storm.

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Images in Vascular Medicine: Acute peripheral artery occlusion and ischemic stroke in a patient with COVID-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Age-Associated Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Age-Associated Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A case-based systematic review on the SARS-COVID-2-associated cerebrovascular diseases and the possible virus routes of entry

Does COVID-19 cause an increase in spleen dimensions? Possible effects of immune activation, hematopoietic suppression and microthrombosis

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