Imaging Anatomy and Pathology of the Intracranial and Intratemporal Facial Nerve

Özgen, Burçe

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2021.06.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is frequently affected, making it one of the most common nerves to experience paralysis in the body. Various pathologies such as in ammation, infection, trauma, and neoplastic processes can impact different parts of the facial nerve palsy, leading to palsy [7] . Bell's palsy represents the most prevalent form of peripheral facial paralysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of 1-Hour Delayed Gadolinium-DTPA Enhanced 3D T1 SPACE MR Images in Bell's Palsy

Han,

Zhang,

Deng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: This study aims to examine the clinical value of 1-hour delayed gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced3D T1 SPACE MRI in Bell's palsy. Methods: Patients diagnosed with Bell’s palsy between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively selected. Both routine and 1-hour delayed contrast-enhanced MRI were analyzed retrospectively. Signal intensity ratios of the facial nerve to that of the adenohypophysis were calculated. Results: The affected side's signal intensity ratio was higher than the unaffected side in the labyrinthian and geniculate ganglion segments on both routine and 1-hour delayed contrast-enhanced MRI. Additionally, the signal intensity ratio of the affected side labyrinthian and geniculate ganglion segments in 1-hour delayed contrast-enhance MRI was higher than routine contrast-enhance MRI. Conclusions: A contrast-enhance MRI of Bell’s palsy is functional for detecting inflammatory lesions. Delayed contrast-enhance MRI can indicate a higher distinction in the affected facial nerve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of 1-Hour Delayed Gadolinium-DTPA Enhanced 3D T1 SPACE MR Images in Bell's Palsy

Han,

Zhang,

Deng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The current prevailing theory suggests that inflammatory edema of the facial nerve leads to ischemia within its narrow bony canal. Indeed, this can be demonstrated with thin-cut MRI scans demonstrating facial nerve enhancement in patients with Bell's palsy, most notably in its labyrinthine segment (specifically in the meatal foramen just as the nerve exits the internal auditory canal) (48,49). Although the cause of this inflammatory edema and ischemia has not been definitively established and remains an area of debate, several mechanisms have been proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A special article published in The Lancet in 1975 discourages the use of eponyms since "the author neither had nor owned the disorder" and suggests "in the absence of a reasonably descriptive designation, eponyms … may be used until the basic defect for the disorder is recognized." (64) The mounting evidence supporting the mechanism of Bell's palsy as a facial nerve viral mononeuritis (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) raises the question of whether Bell's palsy should even be used to refer to an idiopathic facial nerve paralysis in its contemporary usage. If sufficient evidence exists to refer to the typical Bell's palsy as a viral facial mononeuritis, then current textbook definitions of Bell's palsy as an idiopathic facial nerve palsy (16)(17)(18)(19)) may be inaccurate and out of date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bell's Palsy and Its Semantic Change over Time

2022

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Background: From 1821 to 1829, Sir Charles Bell presented cases of facial paralysis from infection, trauma, and unknown causes. As such, "Bell's palsy" initially referred to facial palsy of any etiology. Today, the term is reserved for idiopathic peripheral facial palsy. The objectives of this analysis were to establish when the eponym came to vogue and delineate the semantic shift from its original definition to its current one. Methods: Extensive review of available 19th and 20th century literature mentioning "Bell's palsy" and "Bell's paralysis." Results: Historical accounts have eponymously attached Bell's name to facial paralysis as early as the 1840s-Bell's palsy was first used to describe cases of facial palsy of any cause. In 1886, Gowers characterized Bell's palsy as a "neuritis usually within the Fallopian Canal," distinguishing it as a separate etiology. Over the next decades, the definition narrowed to peripheral facial paralysis from cold exposure or unknown causes. By the 1940s, its natural history was well described-an acute, unilateral, idiopathic, and usually self-limited peripheral facial palsy. Conclusion:The semantic change of a word over time can tell us a remarkable story of its history and origins. Absence of a discrete lesion, lack of proven treatment, and good prognosis without intervention distinguished Bell's palsy from other causes of facial paralysis. Over time, the definition has narrowed from a facial palsy of any cause to an idiopathic peripheral facial palsy. Recent evidence supporting Bell's palsy as a viral mononeuritis may have driven its recent semantic change toward this specific etiology.

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“…Bell's Palsy is also associated with herpes simplex virus, so as a precaution, whether the infection is of herpes simplex virus or VZV, preliminary treatment of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir for about one and a half weeks should be given along with corticosteroids such as prednisone regardless of whether it is Bell's Palsy or Ramsay Hunt syndrome [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. According to recent data for 2022, the incidence of this disease in India is five cases per lakh people every year, whereas the prevalence of Bell's Palsy is 15-30% more than Ramsay Hunt syndrome [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: An Introduction, Signs and Symptoms, and Treatment

Goswami¹,

Gaurkar²

2023

Cureus

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Ramsay Hunt syndrome is the complication of the virus varicella-zoster and the infection caused by it, which shows apparent geniculate ganglion involvement. This article discusses the etiology, epidemiology, and pathology of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Clinically it may be presented as a vesicular rash on the ear or even in the mouth, pain in the ear, and facial paralysis. Some other rare symptoms may also be present, which are also discussed in this article. Skin involvement is also seen in some cases as patterns due to anastomoses between cervical and cranial nerves. This article provides an overview of how the varicella-zoster virus causes facial paralysis and other neurological symptoms. Knowing about this condition and its clinical features is essential to make an early diagnosis and, thus, provide a good prognosis. A good prognosis is required to reduce the nerve damage, prevent further complications, and start an early therapy of acyclovir and corticosteroid. This review also presents a clinical picture of the disease and its complications. The incidence of Ramsay Hunt syndrome has gradually decreased over time because of the development of the varicella-zoster vaccine and better health facilities. The paper also talks about how the diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is made and the various treatment options available. Facial paralysis in Ramsay Hunt syndrome presents differently than Bell's Palsy. If not treated for too long, it may cause permanent muscle weakness and may also cause a loss of hearing. It may be confused with simple herpes simplex virus outbreaks or contact dermatitis.

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Imaging Anatomy and Pathology of the Intracranial and Intratemporal Facial Nerve

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Clinical Value of 1-Hour Delayed Gadolinium-DTPA Enhanced 3D T1 SPACE MR Images in Bell's Palsy

Clinical Value of 1-Hour Delayed Gadolinium-DTPA Enhanced 3D T1 SPACE MR Images in Bell's Palsy

Bell's Palsy and Its Semantic Change over Time

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: An Introduction, Signs and Symptoms, and Treatment

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