Imaging and anatomical features of ethmomaxillary sinus and its differentiation from surrounding air cells

Liu, Jinfeng; Dai, Jinsheng; Wen, Xiang; Wang, Yanjun; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Ningyu

doi:10.1007/s00276-018-1974-8

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“… 9 18 19 Previous studies have reported the prevalence of ANC (6.4-98.5%), SOEC (2.6-64.6%), Haller cell (4.6-60.0%), Onodi cell (8.0-65.3%), and EMS (0.7-8.2%), with substantial variation in different populations. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 A comparison of the prevalence of variations in the present cohort showed that the prevalence of ANS, SOEC, Haller cell, and Onodi cell was well within the reported limits of occurrence. Additionally, the prevalence of SOEC (19.4%) corroborates previous findings that SOEC is less frequently detected in East Asians than in Caucasians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

et al. 2022

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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinically relevant anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their potential association with ethmoid and maxillary sinus pathologies on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Additionally, potential associations with different sides and demographic factors, including age and sex, were evaluated. Materials and Methods In total, 273 CBCT scans with complete ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Agger nasi cell, supraorbital ethmoid cell, Haller cell, Onodi cell, and ethmomaxillary sinus. In addition, the health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses was also recorded to assess correlations with the aforementioned variations. Results The prevalence of Agger nasi cell was found to be the highest (95.6%) in this study, followed by Onodi cell (60.4%), Haller cell (29.3%), and supraorbital ethmoid cell (19.4%). Ethmomaxillary sinus was the least common finding (16.5%). Males and persons above 61 years of age had a significantly higher frequency of supraorbital ethmoid cell and Onodi cell, respectively. However, no significant relationships were noted between anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinus and pathologies of the ethmoid or maxillary sinus. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of ethmoid sinus variations in this Southern Chinese population. The prevalence of Agger nasi cell and Onodi cell was higher than that of other anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses. Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses were not associated with ethmoid or maxillary sinus pathologies in this patient cohort.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“… 27 28 However, this study identified a higher prevalence of EMS (16.5%) than has been previously reported. 22 This finding may be due to population differences among studies. Thus, future studies in similar Southern Chinese cohorts are now needed to confirm this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

et al. 2022

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“…But the definition of EMS and RMC was indistinct and ambiguous. Several points on the differentiation of EMS and RMC had been presented by Liu et al 19 : (1) drainage channel: On the coronal plane of the CT scan, the EMS has clear drainage channel, whereas RMC do not. This is the most important identification point (Figure 2A); (2) relation with the MS: EMS enters into the MS, whereas RMC is out of the MS, so the septum between EMS and orbit is the superior wall of maxillary while that between RMC and orbit is the wall of RMC, but this point sometime is difficult to be distinguished on CT scans; (3) pneumatization range: The pneumatization range of RMC is often limited to the infraorbital region and behind the MS, but the pneumatization range of EMS shows great variability, which can expand downward, even extending to the entire posterior wall of the MS, the inferior wall of the EMS can also appeared in the alveolar process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography Image Analysis and Clinical Correlations of Retromaxillary Cells

et al. 2020

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the anatomic characteristics of the retromaxillary cell (RMC) by using computed tomography (CT) images of paranasal sinuses and to improve its identification with ethmomaxillary sinus (EMS). Methods: The paranasal sinus CT scans of 441 outpatients or inpatients in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2018 were analyzed. The incidence of RMC, EMS, Haller cell, imaging anatomical characteristics, and morphological manifestations were observed via sinus CTs. The relationship of RMC and ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis was analyzed. Results: The incidence of RMC is 83.90% (740/882). The incidence of males and females was 83.81% (414/494) and 84.02% (326/388), respectively. The incidence of bilateral (72.79%, 321/441) was much higher than that of unilateral (22.22%, 98/441). The lateral extension of the RMC ranged from 1.18 to 13.31 mm, with an average of 6.10 ± 2.03 mm. The incidence of ipsilateral maxillary sinus opacification on the RMC sides and non-RMC sides has no significance difference (χ2 = .054, P = .459). The incidence of Haller cell and EMS decreased significantly in the presence of RMC ( P < .01). Conclusion: The RMC is an anatomical variation originating from posterior ethmoid cells, which is commonly encountered in the clinic. The pneumatization of RMC is highly variable, and a bilateral is common. During endoscopic sinus surgery, it is necessary to carefully identify such an air cell to ensure the complete opening of the paranasal sinus during surgery.

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“…In patients with chronic nasal obstruction, because the nasal structure varies greatly among different individuals, 25 , 26 it is necessary to individually evaluate the abnormal nasal structure according to different patients. When a patient has many structural abnormities at the same time, how can the structure of surgical intervention be chosen?…”

Section: Septoplasty Is Only One Of the Surgical Components For The T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Septoplasty alone is not suitable for most structural nasal obstructions

Liu

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2021

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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Septoplasty is widely used in the treatment of structural nasal obstructions, and it also has a good effect and a high degree of postoperative satisfaction. However, there a large number of structures demonstrate abnormalities related to structural nasal obstruction, including the external nose, maxilla, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. Nasal septum deviation is only one signs of structural nasal obstruction and does not represent all possible structural abnormalities of the nasal cavity and its surrounding structure. Septoplasty is only performed to correct deviations of the nasal septum, which in many cases is obviously insufficient in restoring the symmetry of the nasal structure. Therefore, septoplasty alone is not suitable for the treatment of most structural nasal obstructions. Nasal ventilation expansion surgery, which typically covers more abnormal structural correction procedures than septoplasty, should be used when describing the treatment of structural nasal obstruction.

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Imaging and anatomical features of ethmomaxillary sinus and its differentiation from surrounding air cells

Abstract: EMS was not a rare variation that should be careful identification during endoscopic sinus surgery. Accurately confirming EMS is the key to completely opening and removing lesions in the MS and EMS.

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

Computed Tomography Image Analysis and Clinical Correlations of Retromaxillary Cells

Septoplasty alone is not suitable for most structural nasal obstructions

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