Imaging and pathological discordance amongst the plethora of breast lesions in breast biopsies

Abstract

Introduction: Imaging-guided breast tissue biopsy has become an acceptable alternative to open surgical biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions. Discussion of abnormal results of the correlation between imaging and pathological findings can be very challenging as it can assist in decision-making with regard to the further treatment options by arriving at a comprehensive diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Radiological data from imaging-guided breast biopsies of 500 patients during a 6-year period was collected and classified by a specialist radiologist as per the BI-RADS format. Histopathology reports were studied and discordance analyzed. Results: A total of 500 cases were reviewed. Approximately 33% (168) cases fell into the BI-RADS 3 category, 24.4% (122) into the BI-RADS 4, and 37% (187) into BI-RADS 5 categories. Approximately 50% (n = 250) cases were benign, 2.6% (13) belonged to the high-risk category, and 47.4% (237) were malignant. The number of discordant cases was 12 (2.4%), mostly due to technical factors. Sensitivity of biopsies to detect malignancy was 85%, specificity was 96%, and accuracy of biopsy in diagnosing cancer was 90%. Discussion: The "triple assessment" is the most sensitive method for detecting early breast cancer. An effective communication pathway must be established between a clinician, radiologist, and pathologist for surgical excision in discordance as it carries a high prevalence of carcinoma in these lesions. Conclusion: In discordant cases, either due to abnormal results of imaging or of abnormal pathological findings, the final decision is based on two concordant findings, out of the three parameters. This involves a multidisciplinary breast conference and an active participation by the pathologist.