Imaging and Targeting Coronary Artery Inflammation

West, Henry W.; Antoniades, Charalambos

doi:10.1089/ars.2020.8128

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…CAD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 15 In the view of CAD progression, numerous conditions such as postmenopausal status, 16 dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus have been regarded as high-risk factors. 17 For this reason, it is necessary to discover new indicators for predicting CAD in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Triglyceride Glucose index for Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Liu

Ding

et al. 2022

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost

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This study aimed to explore the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and coronary artery disease (CAD) in postmenopausal women. This study enrolled 869 postmenopausal women and classified them into two groups: CAD group (n = 538) and control group (n = 331). The TyG index was significantly higher in patients with CAD than in controls ( P < 0.05).Receiver operator characteristic curves showed that the TyG index was more discriminative for CAD than for control group, and after adjusting for the traditional clinical prognostic factors, including age (>60 years), diabetes, ischemic stroke, systolic blood pressure (≥140), and ejection fraction (<50%), we found that the TyG index could be an independent risk factor for CAD ( P < 0.05). The risk of increased TyG index was greater in the <50 years subgroup than in the >50 years subgroup ( P < 0.05). The TyG index may be a valuable clinical predictor of CAD risk in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Triglyceride Glucose index for Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Liu

Ding

et al. 2022

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost

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“…Due to the intimate relationship between the two organ systems, the concept of the cardiorenal syndrome has been developed [ 1 ]. As inflammation is one of the major drivers for most heart diseases [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], it is interesting to note that most renal diseases are also associated with inflammation [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, in early stages of renal dysfunction, when the glomerular function is still intact, systemic and local inflammation leads to downregulation of molecules that have renal protective effects [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Improves Renal Function in Elderly Deficient in Selenium: Observational Results and Results from a Subgroup Analysis of a Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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A low selenium intake is found in European countries, and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. There is an association between selenium level and the severity of kidney disease. An association between inflammation and selenium intake is also reported. The coenzyme Q10 level is decreased in kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine a possible association between selenium and renal function in an elderly population low in selenium and coenzyme Q10, and the impact of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the renal function. The association between selenium status and creatinine was studied in 589 elderly persons. In 215 of these (mean age 71 years) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled prospective trial with selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 117) or placebo (n = 98) was conducted. Renal function was determined using measures of glomerular function at the start and after 48 months. The follow-up time was 5.1 years. All individuals were low on selenium (mean 67 μg/L (SD 16.8)). The changes in renal function were evaluated by measurement of creatinine, cystatin-C, and the use of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) algorithm, and by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. An association between low selenium status and impaired renal function was observed. Intervention causes a significantly lower serum creatinine, and cystatin-C concentration in the active treatment group compared with those on placebo (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.001 resp.). The evaluation with CKD-EPI based on both creatinine and cystatin-C showed a corresponding significant difference (p < 0.0001). All validations showed corresponding significant differences. In individuals with a deficiency of selenium and coenzyme Q10, low selenium status is related to impaired renal function, and thus supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 results in significantly improved renal function as seen from creatinine and cystatin-C and through the CKD-EPI algorithm. The explanation could be related to positive effects on inflammation and oxidative stress as a result of the supplementation.

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“…All major clinical imaging modalities have been used for the assessment of AT within the pericardium, however only computed tomography has advanced to the targeted and clinically relevant assessment of PVAT for atherosclerotic disease assessment purposes. [31][32][33]…”

Section: Imaging Pvatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Perivascular Fat in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Atherosclerosis

Polkinghorne

West

Antoniades

2023

Cardiometab Syndr J

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with obesity serving as a significant yet complex risk factor in this regard. Obesity represents a heterogenous set of conditions that consist of interactions between metabolic physiology, genetic-as well as environmental-factors. Recent advances in adipose tissue biology have provided greater understanding into the distinct structures and functions of different adipose tissue depots. This includes perivascular adipose tissue, which has been shown to engage in bi-directional paracrine-, vasocrine-and endocrine-signalling with the vascular wall that regulates the vascular redox state and atherogenesis. This has implications for how we approach the treatment of cardiometabolic disease, where novel insulin-sensitising agents might reduce the risk of atherosclerosis through pleiotropic effects on the vascular wall, both directly and indirectly through modulating the adipose tissue secretome. Importantly, clinical imaging modalities for visualisation of peri-vascular adipose tissue now exist that allow for more accurate cardiovascular risk-stratification and raise the possibility of more targeted therapeutic approaches in selected patients. In particular, the perivascular Fat Attenuation Index (an artificial intelligence enhanced cardiac computed tomography biomarker) has allowed for the detection of inflammatory changes in perivascular adipose tissue that holds significant potential to improve secondary risk management. Consequently, this review summarises how perivascular adipose tissue biology contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, in addition to discussing how these developments can be detected using novel cardiovascular imaging techniques.

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Imaging and Targeting Coronary Artery Inflammation

Cited by 7 publications

References 195 publications

The Association of Triglyceride Glucose index for Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women

The Association of Triglyceride Glucose index for Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Improves Renal Function in Elderly Deficient in Selenium: Observational Results and Results from a Subgroup Analysis of a Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

The Role of Perivascular Fat in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Atherosclerosis

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