Imaging biological tissue with high-throughput single-pixel compressive holography

Abstract

Single-pixel holography (SPH) is capable of generating holographic images with rich spatial information by employing only a single-pixel detector. Thanks to the relatively low dark-noise production, high sensitivity, large bandwidth, and cheap price of single-pixel detectors in comparison to pixel-array detectors, SPH is becoming an attractive imaging modality at wavelengths where pixel-array detectors are not available or prohibitively expensive. Moreover, SPH is particularly advantageous when imaging through scattering media or in scarce illumination with compressive sensing. In the current practice of SPH, the throughput of the system is mainly limited by the phase-encoded illumination and the ways to realize phase stepping. In this work, we developed a high-through single-pixel compressive holography, achieving a space-bandwidth-time product (SBP-T) of 41,667 pixels/s. This result indicates that by using a single-pixel detector, information of holographic images containing up to 65,536 pixels can be collected within only 3 seconds. The high-throughput was realized by enabling phase stepping naturally in time and abandoning the need for phase-encoded illumination. We further show that compressive sensing can be conveniently adapted to significantly reduce the acquisition time. Besides being high throughput, we also show that this holographic system is scalable to provide either a large field of view (~83 mm2) or a high resolution (5.8 μm × 4.3 μm). In particular, high-resolution holographic images of a piece of rat tail were presented, exhibiting rich information of mussel, cortical bone, and cancellous bone. Given that microscopic images of biological tissue has rarely been explored in the current practice of SPH, we anticipate the developed high-throughput SPH is promising to nourish the development of multi-spectrum imaging by providing high-quality holographic images for biological tissues.

Enhancing single-pixel imaging by balancing wavelet coefficients weight with an exponentially increasing diagonal matrix

“…Single pixel imaging is a technique that utilizes a spatial light modulator, typically a digital micromirror device(DMD), to generate a series of encoded patterns to illuminate an object, and then uses a single point detector to collect the total light intensity to reconstruct the imaging scene [1] . Due to its advantages such as simplicity of hardware, robustness to light scattering and noise, and versatility across a wide range of working spectra, it has found quite a few applications in fields such as 3D imaging [2][3][4] , medical imaging [5] , and optical encryption [6][7] .…”

Spatial resolution limit of single pixel imaging of complex light fields

“…Another orthogonal sampling base that is commonly used is the Hadamard base [1,9] that is more convenient for experimental 75 measurements because it involves all the superpixels of the sam-76 pling grid, increasing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) [10]. In the 77 case of the Hadamard basis, due to its property: HH T = nI the 78 reconstructed field is: U = Φ −1 = NH • u.…”