Imaging Buried Archaeological Features through Ground Penetrating Radar: The Case of the Ancient Saepinum (Campobasso, Italy)

Cozzolino, Marilena; Gentile, Vincenzo; Giordano, Claudia; Mauriello, Paolo

doi:10.3390/geosciences10060225

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Kouklia‐Palaepaphos was studied through a multi‐method survey (magnetic and electric) which restituted sections of the temenos wall of the sanctuary area (Iacovou et al, 2009; Sarris et al, 2005). At Nicosia (Eleftheria Square), the multimethod exploration allowed an estimation of the size and the architecture of the Venetian wall and of D'Avilla bastion (Cozzolino, Gentile, Giordano et al, 2020). Finally, the Bronze Age fortification wall of Kition has been studied with success even if the urban context considerably limited the methods employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, 16 sites were only studied using a single technique, most of them using the electrical resistance (8 sites) or GPR (5 sites) method. Although the vast majority of geophysical surveys in an archaeological context have implemented methods and techniques which are well‐established in the Mediterranean region ((Apostolopoulos & Kapetanios, 2021; Boschi & Rescigno, 2021), Cozzolino, Gentile, Giordano et al, 2020), at two sites it has been possible to apply new techniques. The electrostatic method, which allows the application of the electrical method in urban environments that limit the implantation of electrodes in the ground, has been used at Kition, and an adaptation of the ERT technique to survey within the shallow depth littoral zone was used at the ancient port of Nea Paphos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysical survey in archaeological context: A review from Cyprus

Vella

Sarris

2022

Archaeological Prospection

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Cyprus, the third largest Mediterranean island, is located at an exceptional crossroad in the eastern Mediterranean, where cultures from the Middle East, Africa and Europe have interacted for more than 10 000 years. The aim of this paper is to present an exhaustive review of the past archaeological geophysical surveys on the island. The result of our research indicates that to date, more than 30 archaeological sites spanning from the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic (ca. 10 000 BC) to the Venetian period (up to 1571 AD) have been investigated through noninvasive ground‐based techniques. The investigations concern the mapping of the extent of ancient occupation (settlements and cemeteries), the study of the internal organization of settlements (domestic architecture, palaces and fortifications), the investigation of funerary structures (tombs) and the use of space within buildings. The methods implemented are multiple and often used in combination. Emphasis has been given to ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic induction (EMI) and magnetic and electrical resistance techniques. Most surveys have been targeted towards the production of maps representing the spatial distribution of the subsurface architectural residues, and sometimes these have been accompanied by soundings, tomographies, as well as 3D reconstructions of the ancient structures. Very few sites have been subjected to the measurements of the chemical or magnetic properties of the soils in relation to the results of geophysical prospection. Further discussion concerns (i) the targets of the archaeo‐geophysical surveys in Cyprus, (ii) the limitations of the application of the specific techniques in relation to the Cypriot archaeological and geological context, (iii) the geophysical signatures of archaeological remains and (iv) the metadata accompanying the geophysical results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical survey in archaeological context: A review from Cyprus

Vella

Sarris

2022

Archaeological Prospection

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“…It has shown to be important in this field due to its ability to produce both 2D and 3D high‐resolution surveys (e.g. Akca et al, 2019; Bigman, 2018; Büyüksaraç et al, 2014; Chianese et al, 2004; Cozzolino et al, 2020; Daniels, 2004; De Domenico et al, 2006; Kadioğlu & Kadioglu, 2016; and Yilmaz et al, 2019). This technique is widely used in a broad range of applications due to the noninvasiveness, relatively low cost and survey time (Balkaya et al, 2021; Conyers, 2013; Goodman et al, 1998; Yilmaz et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of laser level survey, photogrammetry and GPR to examine the deterioration of Roman mosaics: A case study of Venus house, Volubilis, Morocco

Lachhab

Benyassine

Atki

2022

Archaeological Prospection

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Volubilis was founded in the second century B.C. and was one of the largest cities on the fringe of the Roman Empire. In 1997, it was listed as a world cultural heritage site by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and is one of the most important archaeological sites of Morocco. Volubilis is renowned for its large number of mosaic floors. Among the major mosaics of Volubilis, and undoubtedly the most remarkable ones given their aesthetic and the variety of themes they hold, are found in the house of Venus. These mosaics have been restored between the 1940s and 1950s, but unfortunately, most of these restorations are past due or nearing their ends. Today, the mosaic floors are becoming unleveled, fractured and separated from their surrounding walls. These deteriorations can be triggered by many factors including inadequate foundation, a clayey soil beneath it sensitive to moisture and the heaving of the thin concrete layer due to the expansion of the soil. The corrosion of the reinforcing bars within these concrete slabs is enabling these deformations as well. The objective of this study is to examine the causes of the mosaics' deterioration by integrating three techniques including a laser level survey, photogrammetry using a small unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) and ground-penetrating radar. The methodology adopted herein can generate documentation that can be used during the preparation and decision making prior to any restoration. The restoration should not only be focused on the visible tesserae on the surface but must also consider the entire layer of the mosaics. These techniques were applied to several mosaics in Volubilis, yet only two mosaics within the house of Venus were selected for this study, and the following findings were accomplished:(1) Void spaces were found beneath the mosaic floors, (2) presence of sinking and heaving of concrete slabs and (3) potential corrosion of rebars. The three methods used in this study were in perfect concurrence in showing how the settling of the concrete slab was directly related to the deteriorations visible on the mosaic surface.

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“…Geological investigations for characterizing faults [1][2][3], landslides [4,5], paleo-morphologies [6,7], litho-stratigraphies [8,9], acquifers [10], sinkoles [11,12], and seepage detection [13] are generally carried out through electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) [1][2][3]5,7,9], ground penetrating radar (GPR) [8,10], seismic [2,[4][5][6], magnetic [14][15][16][17] and gravity [18] methods. Archae-geophysical prospections are particularly common in applications for the detection of buried structures, tombs, and channels through the application of electromagnetic methods [19,20], magnetometry [21], ERTs [22,23], GPR [24,25] or the combination of them. The diagnostics and the monitoring of buildings in architectural and engineering surveys are often reached by implementing linear variable displacement transducer [26], sonic tomography [27], infrared thermography [27][28][29] and GPR [30][31]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Techniques for Building Evaluation in Urban Areas: The Case Study of the Redesigning Project of Eleftheria Square (Nicosia, Cyprus)

et al. 2020

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This paper deals with the application of non-destructive geophysical techniques of investigation in the urban environment of the city of Nicosia (Cyprus). The main aim of the research was, in the frame of the Eleftheria Square redesign project, to image subsurface properties in order to reduce the impact of hazards on the old buildings (therefore preserving the cultural heritage of the place), and on the new infrastructure under construction. Since 2008, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and induced electromagnetic method (EMI) were employed during the different phases of the project to provide an understanding of geological stratigraphy, the detection of buried objects (archaeological structures and underground utilities) and the solution of unexpected events (such as water infiltration in the course of works). The geophysical results proved the efficiency of the adopted methods, adding scientific value to the knowledge of the studied area. The new gathered information helped the public administration technicians to plan direct and targeted interventions and to modify the original design of the project according to the discovery of archaeological findings.

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Imaging Buried Archaeological Features through Ground Penetrating Radar: The Case of the Ancient Saepinum (Campobasso, Italy)

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Geophysical survey in archaeological context: A review from Cyprus

Geophysical survey in archaeological context: A review from Cyprus

Integration of laser level survey, photogrammetry and GPR to examine the deterioration of Roman mosaics: A case study of Venus house, Volubilis, Morocco

Non-Destructive Techniques for Building Evaluation in Urban Areas: The Case Study of the Redesigning Project of Eleftheria Square (Nicosia, Cyprus)

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