Imaging Cardiovascular Calcification

Wang, Ying; Osborne, Michael T.; Tung, Brian; Li, Ming; Li, Yaming

doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008564

Cited by 98 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Arteries with any calcification were subsequently rated as coalescent (or macrocalcification) or scattered (or microcalcification) by visual assessments (Figure 1). The idea being this subdivision is that there exist precedence that calcification may differ in their role of plaque vulnerability, 18 and creating a binary variable based on macroscopic appearance would make this classification simple and reliable. In general, large, macroscopic calcifications were considered coalescent while small, microscopic calcifications were considered scattered.…”

Section: Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological correlates of brain arterial calcifications

Shapiro

Goldman

Morgello

et al. 2019

Cardiovascular Pathology

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Background: In clinical practice, calcifications seen on CT studies within the large brain arteries are often referred as a surrogate marker for cholesterol-mediated atherosclerosis. However, limited data exists to support the association between calcification and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined if intracranial arterial calcifications were associated with cholesterol-mediated intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (ILAA) within the arteries of the Circle of Willis in an autopsy based sample. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of histopathological characteristics of brain large arteries obtained from autopsy cases. Brain large arteries were examined for evidences of calcifications, which were rated as macroscopic (coalescent) and microscopic (scattered). In addition to calcification, we also obtained measurement of the arterial wall and the presence of ILAA and non-atherosclerotic arterial fibrosis. We built hierarchical models adjusted for demographic and vascular risk factors to assess the relationship between calcification and ILAA. Results: In univariate analysis, the presence of any arterial calcifications was associated with cerebral infarcts (29% v. 14%, p<0.01). Multi-variate analysis revealed that among all calcifications, coalescent calcifications were not associated with ILAA. In contrast, scattered calcifications were associated with ILAA (p<0.001), decreased lumen diameter (−1.87 +/− 0.41 mm p≤0.001) and increased luminal stenosis (0.03 +/− 0.01% p≤0.006). These findings were independent of age, sex or other vascular risk factors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that coalescent calcifications in brain large arteries, although associated with morbidity, are not synonymous with cholesterol driven ILAA. Understanding the precise pathological components of cerebrovascular disease, including non-atherosclerotic arterial calcifications, will help develop individualized therapies beyond amelioration of traditional risk factors such as hyperlipidemia.

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Section: Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological correlates of brain arterial calcifications

Shapiro

Goldman

Morgello

et al. 2019

Cardiovascular Pathology

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“…Vegetarian plant‐based diets are considered health‐promoting since they are associated with a lower risk for obesity and related chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and diabetes type 2 . With respect to reduction of coronary heart disease risk, the working mechanisms of vegetarian diets are a low fat intake, particularly saturated fat, and simultaneously a low cholesterol intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low fractional cholesterol absorption by ezetimibe treatment while dietary cholesterol intake remains unchanged leading to increased synthesis and mildly lowered plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations, even in vegetarians . Many studies have demonstrated the effect of reduced cholesterol intake on plasma cholesterol concentrations in subjects on vegetarian diets with inconsistent results . In many but not all studies, mildly lowered cholesterol and/or LDL cholesterol concentrations are described in vegetarians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetarian plant-based diets are considered health-promoting since they are associated with a lower risk for obesity and related chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and diabetes type 2. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] With respect to reduction of coronary heart disease risk, the working mechanisms of vegetarian diets are a low fat intake, particularly saturated fat, and simultaneously a low cholesterol intake. The absorbed fraction of dietary cholesterol intake and endogenous synthesis are DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700689 the two input fluxes of endogenous cholesterol metabolism, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] Many studies have demonstrated the effect of reduced cholesterol intake on plasma cholesterol concentrations in subjects on vegetarian diets with inconsistent results. [3,4] In many but not all studies, mildly lowered cholesterol and/or LDL cholesterol concentrations are described in vegetarians. The inconsistency of vegetarian diet effects on plasma cholesterol levels may be due to an inconsistency in selection criteria and experimental designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Vegetarians and Omnivores

Lütjohann¹,

Meyer

Bergmann³

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Abdominal aortic calcification among gastroenterological and transplant surgery

Imaoka,

Ohira,

Akabane

et al. 2024

Annals of Gastroent Surgery

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This review discusses the increasing global trend towards an aging population, which has resulted in a growing number of surgeries being performed on elderly patients, particularly those living with cancer. The focus was on the implications of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis, in these patients. This comprehensive review provided evidence detailing the complex processes of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification and various approaches to assess this condition. The prevalence of AAC is related to multiple factors, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, frailty in various types of gastroenterological surgery. Additionally, notable links were found between AAC, postoperative complications, and patient survival following gastroenterological surgery. This study highlights how AAC could negatively impact the health status of elderly patients and undermine treatment efficacy, stressing the need for more research in this domain to improve patient outcomes.

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Imaging Cardiovascular Calcification

Cited by 98 publications

References 137 publications

Pathological correlates of brain arterial calcifications

Pathological correlates of brain arterial calcifications

Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Vegetarians and Omnivores

Abdominal aortic calcification among gastroenterological and transplant surgery

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