Imaging Corticospinal Degeneration in Neonatal Rats with Unilateral Cerebral Infarction

Lama, Sanju; Qiao, Min; Kirton, Adam; Cheng, Edwin; Foniok, Tadeusz; Tuor, Ursula I.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.01.002

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The peak of NfH SMI35 serum level was already detected within 30 min after a 60 min course of global hypoxia [14]. The findings also extend the observation of reduced and disrupted NfH staining (NfH SMI31 and silver staining) in the ischaemic hemisphere in experimental focal ischaemia starting at 1-3 days post insult [18]. Indeed, NfH SMI35 was shown to be a sensitive marker and even subtle brain injury due to symptomatic carotid stenosis was associated with 2.4-fold higher NfH SMI35 serum levels compared to asymptomatic carotid stenosis [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

et al. 2011

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Serological biomarkers which enable quick and reliable diagnosis or measurement of the extent of irreversible brain injury early in the course of stroke are eagerly awaited. Neurofilaments (Nf) are a group of proteins integrated into the scaffolding of the neuronal and axonal cytoskeleton and an established biomarker of neuroaxonal damage. The Nf heavy chain (NfH SMI35 ) was assessed together with brain-specific astroglial proteins GFAP and S100B in hyperacute stroke (6 and 24 h from symptom onset) and daily for up to 6 days. Twenty-two patients with suspected stroke (median NIHSS 8) were recruited in a prospective observational study. Evidence for an ischaemic or haemorrhagic lesion on neuroimaging was found in 18 (ischaemia n = 16, intracerebral haemorrhage n = 2). Serum NfH SMI35 levels became detectable within 24 h post-stroke (P \ 0.0001) and elevated levels persisted over the study course. While GFAP was not detectable during the entire course, S100B levels peaked at the end of the observation period. The data indicate that significant in vivo information on the pathophysiology of stroke may be obtained by the determination of NfH SMI35 . Further studies are required to evaluate whether NfH SMI35 in hyperacute stroke reflects the extent of focal ischaemic injury seen on neuroimaging or is a consequence of more diffuse neuroaxonal damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

et al. 2011

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“…Acute MRI of axonal damage postinsult has been reported previously and was confirmed in the current study (14). Few studies have investigated the 2-h time point, although similar cortical increases in T 2 and decreases in ADC have been observed at 1 h (27).…”

Section: Articlessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Cystic regions were avoided by measuring pericystic or peri-infarct regions, and in these peri-infarct regions, MTR values were normalized by 1 wk after hypoxia-ischemia. Progression of standard T 2 and ADC sequence imaging changes within the descending corticospinal tract has been reported recently using the same animal model (14). In this study, we investigated the imaging changes between 1 d and 4 wk postinsult, and similar to the present results, decreases in ADC and increases in T 2 were observed within the cerebral peduncle at 1 d postinsult, with a return toward sham-treated control or contralateral values by 1 wk (14).…”

Section: Articlessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Progression of standard T 2 and ADC sequence imaging changes within the descending corticospinal tract has been reported recently using the same animal model (14). In this study, we investigated the imaging changes between 1 d and 4 wk postinsult, and similar to the present results, decreases in ADC and increases in T 2 were observed within the cerebral peduncle at 1 d postinsult, with a return toward sham-treated control or contralateral values by 1 wk (14). These MR changes were associated with early signs of Wallerian degeneration as detected by altered staining of axons using a silver stain and SMI31 immunohistochemistry.…”

Section: Articlessupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The leading example is early diffusion imaging changes in the descending corticospinal tract, which appear to correlate well with motor outcome in neonatal (e.g., cerebral palsy), childhood, and adult stroke (12,13). We have shown recently, using MRI in a neonatal model of hypoxia-ischemia, that similar to changes in the descending corticospinal tract in human infants, there are acute (by 24 h) increases in T 2 and decreases in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water, consistent with early Wallerian degeneration (14). Earliest possible detection of these changes is desirable for maximal clinical utility.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Magnetization transfer and diffusion imaging of acute axonal damage in the cerebral peduncle following hypoxia–ischemia in neonatal rats

et al. 2012

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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of axonal degenerative changes in the cerebral peduncle of the corticospinal tract following cerebral hypoxic-ischemic damage might distinguish infants most appropriate for receiving prompt treatment. The optimal MRI sequence for very early diagnosis of axonal degenerative changes is unknown. We hypothesized that magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging would be more sensitive than traditional MRI, e.g., T 2 or diffusion weighted imaging. Methods: Transient unilateral cerebral hypoxia-ischemia was produced in the neonatal rat followed by MRI of changes in T 2 , the apparent diffusion coefficient (aDc) of water, and MTR, with a focus on the parietal cortex (an ischemic damaged region) and the cerebral peduncle (remote within the corticospinal tract). Rats were imaged at 2 h, 1 d, or 1 wk postinsult. results: In the cerebral peduncle, MTR and T 2 responded similarly, with alterations occurring ipsilaterally at 1 d postinsult. aDc was most sensitive for detecting changes as early as 2 h postinsult, and this corresponded to a reduced staining of axonal filaments ipsilaterally. conclusion: MTR and T 2 imaging have comparable sensitivity for distinguishing early axonal damage in the cerebral peduncle. aDc imaging is highly sensitive for detecting early disruption of corticospinal axons, supporting its potential hyperacute diagnostic use clinically.

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Mesenchymal stem cells restore cortical rewiring after neonatal ischemia in mice

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Kavelaars

et al. 2012

Annals of Neurology

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Imaging Corticospinal Degeneration in Neonatal Rats with Unilateral Cerebral Infarction

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

Magnetization transfer and diffusion imaging of acute axonal damage in the cerebral peduncle following hypoxia–ischemia in neonatal rats

Mesenchymal stem cells restore cortical rewiring after neonatal ischemia in mice

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