Imaging Diagnosis—congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Dog

Ruth, Jeffrey; Rademacher, Nathalie; Ogden, Daniel; Rodriguez, Daniel; Gaschen, Lorrie

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01732.x

Cited by 16 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most common cause of CLE in veterinary literature is air-trapping secondary to bronchial cartilage dysplasia, hypoplasia or aplasia, resulting in dynamic collapse (Voorhout and others 1986, Billet and Sharpe 2002, Gopalakrishnan and Stevenson 2007, Ruth and others 2010). In people, the condition has been reported to arise from bronchial mucomembranous folds, bronchial valves, aberrant vessels, segmental bronchomalacia or other diseases or anomalies resulting in bronchial obstruction (Mitchell and Nykamp 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings include hypoattenuation of the affected lobes, with small pulmonary vessels and segmental narrowing of secondary bronchi. The remaining lung lobe parenchyma demonstrated diffusely increased attenuation with normal bronchial and vascular markings (Ruth and others 2010). Normal lung parenchyma in dogs has a reported mean attenuation of −713 HU on expiration and −846 HU at 15 mm Hg at peak inspiration (Morandi and others 2003, Schwarz and Johnson 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic cervical lung herniation causing dysphagia in a puppy

Coutu

Rousset²,

Cosford³

2015

Vet Record Case Reports

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A five-week old pug presented for dysphagia and a fluctuant cervical swelling. Bilateral cervical cranial lung herniation was diagnosed with radiology, fluoroscopy and CT. Fluoroscopy demonstrated compression of the cervical oesophagus by the lung apices. Hyperinflation of the cranial lung lobes and collapse of the associated lobar bronchi was observed on CT. Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) was the presumed cause of lung herniation. The condition progressed and the patient died at home. No postmortem examination was performed. This is the first report of suspected CLE causing lung herniation and the first report of dysphagia associated with this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic cervical lung herniation causing dysphagia in a puppy

Coutu

Rousset²,

Cosford³

2015

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…More specific radiographic findings are seen in lung lobe torsion when gas and liquid artifacts are removed; however, signs of lung attenuation can be variable (Siems et al 1998). Computed tomography (CT) evaluation has superior characterising abilities for both conditions, regardless of tissue features and their distribution, or bronchus patency and its position (Au et al 2006;Seiler et al 2008;Schultz et al 2009;Ruth et al 2011). Although we lack such technology at our facility, the diagnostic power of CT was partially replaced by sonography and bronchoscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bullae are divided into several subtypes, depending on the size and location (near the lung surface versus deep within the parenchyma). Blebs are superficial air pockets trapped inside visceral pleura and, therefore, more prone to deterioration when a sudden rise in intrathoracic pressure occurs (Brissot et al 2003;Bertolini et al 2009;Milne et al 2010;Ruth et al 2011). Bullae and blebs formation are reported as either primary idiopathic or secondary effects (i.e., a result of underlying disease or trauma) (Kramek et al 1985;Grosslinger et al 2000;White et al 2003;Matsumoto et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphysematous lesions in the right cranial lung lobe and torsion of the right medial lung lobe in a British shorthair cat: a case report

Dokic¹,

Pirog²

2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:A three-year-old male British shorthair cat that had exhibited progressive lethargy and intermittent dyspnoea for 14 days was referred for evaluation of acute respiratory deterioration. Clinical findings included rapid and shallow breathing, pale mucous membranes, sound suppression on the right side, and a subcutaneous haematoma in the right epigastric area. Serum biochemistry analysis showed leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Radiographs revealed hydropneumothorax, a broken eighth right rib, atelectatic right cranial lung lobe (RCrL), and consolidation of the right middle lobe (RML). Doppler examination revealed sonographic changes in the echotexture of both lobes and venous flow was absent in the twisted RML. Furthermore, bronchoscopy showed proximal narrowing of the cat's RML bronchus. Exploratory surgery via medial sternotomy confirmed torsion of the RML and identified deteriorated gas-containing lesions in the collapsed RCrL. Both lung lobes were removed by standard lobectomy, and postoperative recovery was without major complications. Histopathological examination diagnosed multiple bullae and blebs, with significant subpleural haemorrhages in the atelectatic RCrL, whereas tissue congestion with haemorrhages, necrosis, and thrombosis typical for lung lobe torsion were observed in the RML. No other underlying aetiology was apparent. Two months post-operatively, the cat presented with similar acute onset of dyspnoea and spontaneous pneumothorax and was euthanised at the owner's request. The autopsy revealed identical new emphysematous changes in the contra-lateral lung lobes that had been absent at the time of surgery. Emphysematous lesions, regardless of their origin, should be considered in the etiopathology of lung lobe torsion.

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“…CLE is characterised by overinflation or hyperplasia of alveoli, typically within a single lung lobe. This condition leads to emphysema and pneumothorax and is most commonly seen in young animals (Herrtage and Clarke 1985, Voorhout and others 1986, Amis and others 1987, Billet and Sharpe 2002, Stephens and others 2002, Matsumoto and others 2004, Gopalakrishnan and Stevenson 2007, Moon and others 2007, Ruth and others 2011, Yun and others 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal pneumothorax in a dog caused by a lesion resembling congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) of children

Knight

Malaguti²,

Rajotte

et al. 2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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An 8 month old boxer dog was referred for management of acute spontaneous pneumothorax. CT showed multiple variably sized bullae in the right middle lung lobe, and partial or complete atelectasis of all remaining lung lobes. This was assumed to be a case of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). The dog was anaesthetised for surgery but died from cardiopulmonary arrest during presurgical thoracocentesis. Postmortem examination confirmed that ruptured bullae in the right middle lung lobe were responsible for the dog's pneumothorax and death. In addition, a malformation of the right subclavian artery was present. Histologically, the right middle lung lobe and primary bronchus were malformed, with microscopic changes resembling those of human congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), rather than CLE. CPAM has not been reported in the veterinary literature and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.

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Imaging Diagnosis—congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Dog

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Dynamic cervical lung herniation causing dysphagia in a puppy

Dynamic cervical lung herniation causing dysphagia in a puppy

Emphysematous lesions in the right cranial lung lobe and torsion of the right medial lung lobe in a British shorthair cat: a case report

Fatal pneumothorax in a dog caused by a lesion resembling congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) of children

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