Imaging Diagnosis—mri Characteristics of a Fourth Ventricular Cholesterol Granuloma in a Dog

Lovett, Mathew C.; Fenner, W; Watson, Adam T.; Hostutler, Roger A.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01946.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They have been most commonly recognized in horses occurring inside or outside of the ventricular system . They occur rarely in humans, dogs, and other species including meerkats . Cholesterol granulomas might cause neurologic signs, but often are incidental findings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coextensive Meningioma and Cholesterol Granuloma in the Forebrain of a Cat

Chawla¹,

Cook

Himmell

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A 9-year-old, female, spayed, domestic longhaired cat presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center Oncology Service with a 6-month history of changes in behavior and weight loss. The owner reported that the cat had become abnormally unfriendly and would growl or hiss when touched. The cat also had gait changes, manifested by left hind limb weakness, difficulty walking up stairs, and occasionally losing balance and falling down stairs. The cat was examined by its regular veterinarian and had abdominal radiographs, CBC, and biochemistry profile performed, which did not detect any abnormalities. On physical examination, the cat was underweight with an estimated body condition score (BCS) of 1/5. Neurologic examination revealed a very dull mentation, severe generalized muscle atrophy, and a slow, reluctant, and crouched gait. Cranial nerve examination revealed no abnormalities. There was absence of conscious proprioception in all limbs. A forebrain lesion was suspected. The cat was examined 8 days later because of progressive signs of neurologic disease. The cat was obtunded and had a right head turn with a mild right head tilt. The gait showed proprioceptive/right vestibular ataxia with knuckling of both thoracic limbs on ambulation, a crouched posture, and a splaying outward of the left thoracic limb. There was a decreased menace response bilaterally that was worse on the left and decreased nasal sensation bilaterally. Spinal reflexes were normal in all limbs. Neurolocalization was to the right-forebrain with possible brainstem involvement. An abdominal ultrasound was then performed at the owner’s request to investigate the gastrointestinal tract as a possible explanation for the weight loss, but no abnormalities were identified.

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confidence: 99%

Coextensive Meningioma and Cholesterol Granuloma in the Forebrain of a Cat

Chawla¹,

Cook

Himmell

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…A mineralized fourth ventricle cholesterinic granuloma has been described but not confirmed in a horse . One case was confirmed in a dog, however, that case presented with a large central mass like lesion . As such other differentials such as other choroid plexuses tumours (papilloma etc) or siderocalcinosis are possible .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Presumed cholesterinic granulomas detected on CT in horses are associated with increased lateral ventricle height and age

Lloyd-Edwards

Willems

Beukers

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Cholesterinic granulomas are mass-like lesions that form at the choroid plexus of the ventricular system. Large cholesterinic granulomas within the lateral ventricles have been reported to cause severe neurological signs. However, little data are available about their prevalence or appearance in the overall population. The objective was to report the prevalence of presumed cholesterinic granulomas on CT in a population of horses, and investigate associations between presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence, lateral ventricle size, age, and neurological signs. The study was cross sectional, CT scans of the head were assessed for presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence and size, and lateral ventricle height. Computed tomography findings and clinical information were compared using nonparametric testing. Computed tomography scans of 139 horses were included. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas were found in 22 horses (15.8%), nine were unilateral and 13 bilateral. A significant increase in prevalence was observed with age (P < .0001), with 38% of horses over 15 years old affected. The median volume of presumed cholesterinic granulomas was 242 mm 3 with a range from 51 to 2420 mm 3 . The mean lateral ventricle height was significantly increased in horses with presumed cholesterinic granulomas present (P = .004), with a median of 7.3 mm compared to 4.9 mm without. Neurological signs were not associated with presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence or lateral ventricle height. Fourth ventricle mineralizations were found in seven horses, which may represent cholesterinic granulomas. In conclusion, presumed cholesterinic granulomas occurred in a large proportion of the examined population and are associated with increased lateral ventricle dilation and advanced age.

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“…O granuloma de colesterol intracerebral, encontrado em um caso, é pouco frequente em cães e tem sido relatado no cérebro (Steiss et al 1990) e no quarto ventrículo (Lovett et al 2012). Esta condição é frequentemente relatada em cavalos velhos como um achado incidental post mortem, porém alguns casos podem resultar em hidrocefalia secundária (Jackson et al 1994), resultante de edema e hemorragia constante dentro do plexo com deposição de colesterol, induzindo reação inflamatória do tipo corpo estranho (Zachary 2013).…”

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Doenças do sistema nervoso central em cães

et al. 2018

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RESUMO: São descritas doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em cães diagnosticadas no sertão da Paraíba. Os registros de necropsia de 1.205 cães foram revisados. Em 354 casos (29,38%) foram registrados história clínica de alterações do sistema nervoso. Duzentos e noventa e seis casos tiveram diagnóstico definitivo e 58 foram inconclusivos. As doenças infecciosas foram observadas em 59,60% (211/354) de casos que representam a principal causa de distúrbios neurológicos; 53% dos casos (186/354) foram representadas por doenças virais; 3,11% (11/354) foram de etiologia parasitária, 2,54% (9/354) foram causadas por bactérias e 1,41% (5/354) por fungos. Os agentes físicos representaram a segunda causa mais importante de transtornos do SNC com 9,89% (35/354) e os tumores a terceira causa com 5,93% (21/354). Outras alterações pouco frequentes foram alterações metabólicas secundárias a insuficiência hepática ou renal, representando 2,54% (9/354). Casos raros de hidrocefalia congênita foram observados, 1,41% (5/354). Os casos de manifestações neurológicas associadas a alterações vasculares, degenerativas e inflamatórias não infecciosas, muitas das quais uma causa específica não foi estabelecida representaram 4,24% (15/354); Estavam dentro das seguintes categorias de doenças: Infartos isquêmicos e hemorrágicos (6/15), necrose vascular fibrinoide (5/15), doença do disco intervertebral (2/15), meningoencefalite granulomatosa (1/15) e granuloma de colesterol (1/15). Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central representam uma importante causa de morte ou eutanásia em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba. Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com o agente envolvido, localização e distribuição das lesões. O conhecimento dos principais agentes que pode afetar o SNC canino é importante ao fazer uma lista de diagnóstico diferencial.

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Imaging Diagnosis—mri Characteristics of a Fourth Ventricular Cholesterol Granuloma in a Dog

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Coextensive Meningioma and Cholesterol Granuloma in the Forebrain of a Cat

Coextensive Meningioma and Cholesterol Granuloma in the Forebrain of a Cat

Presumed cholesterinic granulomas detected on CT in horses are associated with increased lateral ventricle height and age

Doenças do sistema nervoso central em cães

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