Imaging Evaluation of the Thymus and Thymic Disorders in Children

Frush, Donald P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-32676-2_10

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It is also useful for image guided aspiration or biopsies of thymic masses. Being a low cost, portable and easily available modality with lack of ionizing radiation, sonography is useful as first line investigation for the evaluation of suspected thymic pathology[ 8 ].…”

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac gating is usually not required. Appropriate coil as per the age of the patient is selected - quadrature knee coil for small infants, head coil for small children, or surface coils as needed[ 8 ].…”

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Involution is seen normally as an age related decrease in the thymic size[ 8 ]. When the normal size thymus gland decreases in size in response to any stress ( e.g ., sepsis, major surgery, use of steroids or other immunosuppressants), it is known as thymic atrophy.…”

Section: Small Thymusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the normal size thymus gland decreases in size in response to any stress ( e.g ., sepsis, major surgery, use of steroids or other immunosuppressants), it is known as thymic atrophy. It is usually transient and the thymus returns to normal after the stress resolves[ 8 ]. The thymus may decrease in size up to 40% of its original volume varying according to the severity and duration of the stress[ 14 ].…”

Section: Small Thymusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of the pediatric thymus: Clinicoradiologic approach

Manchanda¹,

Bhalla²,

Jana³

et al. 2017

WJCP

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The thymus is a lymphatic organ that undergoes dynamic changes with age and disease. It is important to be familiar with these physiological changes in the thymus gland to be able to identify pathology and make an accurate diagnosis. The thymus may be involved in multisystem disorders or show focal isolated lesions. The aim of this article is to review the radiological anatomy of the thymus, normal variants, and pathology including hyperplasia and benign/malignant lesions involving the thymus gland in the pediatric age group. We also propose an algorithmic approach for imaging evaluation of a suspected thymic mass on the basis of morphologic features.

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Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Thymusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Thymusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Imaging of the pediatric thymus: Clinicoradiologic approach

Manchanda¹,

Bhalla²,

Jana³

et al. 2017

WJCP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the variety of imaging appeara nces, it may be challenging to differentiate the normal from the diseased thymus. [10,11] Radiographically, thymoma appears as a soft tissue mass with ill-defined borders and infiltrative These observations are supposed to be useful for preoperative evaluation of WHO classification of thymomas, and to help the clinicians decide application of preoperative therapy and the method of surgical resection including endoscopic surgery. [14] According to stages of thymoma, stage 1 disease can be managed by complete surgical excision, stage 2 and 3 disease requires surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy, stage 4 and 5 disease requires surgical debulking, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report of 49-year-old man with unusual invasive thymoma

Kheiralla¹

2016

Int J Med Sci Public Health

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Invasive thymomas are rare anterior mediastinal tumor, representing 50% of anterior mediastinal masses and about 20%-30% of all mediastinal tumors. They are of unknown etiology; about 50% of patients with thymomas are diagnosed incidentally with chest radiography. Thymoma is classified into different stages, which determine the prognosis and type of management, the standard primary treatment for these tumors is thymectomy.

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Changes in the thymus gland with age: A sonographic evaluation

et al. 2022

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Background: Ultrasound evaluation of normal, ectopic, asymmetric, and hyperplastic thymus and also its differentiation from abnormalities are challenging in children, and few studies have addressed this issue. This study aimed to investigate the thymus sonographic changes with age. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 118 healthy children were categorised into six age groups. Sonographic features of the thymus, including volume, anatomical position, symmetry, and echo-texture, were recorded. Results: The thymus was visible at all ages from the suprasternal view. In 77.5% of participants, the thymus gland volume in lobes was symmetrical; however, left (21.2%) and right (1.3%) predominance were also found. The most common position of the thymus was in front of the great vessels (100%) with suprasternal extension (97.5%). The mean volume of thymus was 21.3 ± 10.5 (mm). There was no significant difference in the volumes of the thymus between different age groups. The predominant echo-texture of the thymus in different age groups was hypoechoic with thin echogenic septa (liver-like) in below 2–3 years of age, the appearance of echogenic foci and hyperechoic echo-texture (liver-like with starry sky) in 2–14 years, and uniform hyperechoic echo-texture (fatty liver-like) or geographic echo-texture with coarse reticular pattern in above 14 years. Conclusion: In children, the thymus gland is visible in ultrasound examination in all age groups from the suprasternal view; however, the echo-texture of the normal thymus changes with age. There was no significant correlation between age and sex with total thymic volume. The specificity of these appearances has made ultrasound a problem-solving modality in children.

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Imaging Evaluation of the Thymus and Thymic Disorders in Children

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Imaging of the pediatric thymus: Clinicoradiologic approach

Imaging of the pediatric thymus: Clinicoradiologic approach

Case report of 49-year-old man with unusual invasive thymoma

Changes in the thymus gland with age: A sonographic evaluation

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