2021
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735921
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Imaging Features of Postradiotherapy Changes in Head and Neck Cancers

Abstract: Radiation therapy is the mainstay in the treatment of head and neck cancers, in addition to surgery and chemotherapy. Expected radiotherapy changes evolving over time may be confused with recurrent tumor. Conversely, even residual or recurrent tumor in the setting of postradiotherapy changes may be difficult to identify clinically or even by radiological imaging. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with the temporal evolution of these changes. The purpose of this pictorial essay is thus to illustrate dis… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…On this premise, it can be inferred that the effects of radiation have a large impact on the extracted parameters. In fact, evidence suggests that HN patients that undergo RT may be at risk of experiencing oral mucositis and mucosal edema of pharyngeal and laryngeal walls due to induced glandular hyperemia, affecting gray values and thus the calculated image features [ 29 , 40 , 41 ]. It is important to note that the nature of the feature selection method considers feature importance based on the overall performance and may not directly associate with the underlying RT treatment volumetric alterations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…On this premise, it can be inferred that the effects of radiation have a large impact on the extracted parameters. In fact, evidence suggests that HN patients that undergo RT may be at risk of experiencing oral mucositis and mucosal edema of pharyngeal and laryngeal walls due to induced glandular hyperemia, affecting gray values and thus the calculated image features [ 29 , 40 , 41 ]. It is important to note that the nature of the feature selection method considers feature importance based on the overall performance and may not directly associate with the underlying RT treatment volumetric alterations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following on from this, the scarcity of relevant research could be related to the fact that simple image features present limited discrimination ability for the successful assessment of the RT effects, probably due to the similarity of the soft tissues (tumor) and the normal (healthy) tissues surrounding the tumor limits. In fact, early RT complications (as soon as the 1st week of treatment) due to radiation-induced glandular hyperemia have been reported to affect gray values and, as a consequence, the calculated feature variables [ 29 ]. To that end, sonographic findings along with ultrasound clinical observations have reported disparities between pre- and post-radiotherapy PG image textures, likely as a result of fibrotic scarring of RT treatment [ 30 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional MRI perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy sequences are needed to differentiate other causes from radiation-induced brain necrosis affecting the temporal lobes after radiation therapy to nasopharyngeal cancers. 20…”
Section: Imaging Referral Guidelinesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Imaging has become an integral part of the multidisciplinary management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients to optimize prognosis and preserve function ( 1 ). Due to the availability of a wide range of multimodality treatment options resulting in complex post-treatment changes, interpreting them on imaging becomes challenging ( 2 – 4 ). Variable interobserver interpretation of imaging further adds perplexity in guiding the treating physicians ( 5 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%