Imaging in Fahr’s disease: how CT and MRI differ?

Govindarajan, Arunkumar

doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-201523

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, unlike Fahr disease, the calcification is generally confined to the globus pallidus and is not associated with clinical findings [3]. Brain MRI has been reported to underestimate most calcific foci and some undetectable foci because the MR signal for calcification can vary in conventional sequences, as the composition of calcium deposits can include calcium and other minerals such as zinc, magnesium, iron, and so on [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of Fahr disease with transient slurred speech and abnormal movement of the left arm

2023

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Fahr disease is a rare neurological condition characterized by abnormal basal ganglia calcification. Some patients with Fahr disease have been reported to present to the emergency department (ED) with stroke-like symptoms. Here, we present a case of Fahr disease with transient focal neurological signs. A 63-year-old man came to the ED with complaints of slurred speech and abnormal movement of his left arm. His symptoms lasted only 5 minutes before he recovered. He had no focal neurological deficits when he arrived at the ED, had no previous medical history and had never taken any medication. A physical examination revealed that the patient was healthy, and the initial results of laboratory tests were all within normal range. A brain computed tomography (CT) without contrast enhancement revealed symmetric calcification of the basal ganglia, thalamus and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and neck CT angiography revealed no evidence of acute cerebral infarction, intracranial large-vessel occlusion, or stenosis. Based on his clinical presentation and examination results, the patient was diagnosed with Fahr disease in the ED. He was recommended to be admitted for differential diagnosis of seizures and additional tests, such as electroencephalography, but opted for discharge against medical advice. Emergency physicians should consider the possibility of Fahr disease if patients have focal neurological signs with characteristic symmetric calcification on brain CT. A detailed history and examination should be performed to detect other secondary causes associated with Fahr syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of Fahr disease with transient slurred speech and abnormal movement of the left arm

2023

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“…1,2 Fahr's disease or syndrome can be detected if symmetrical calcifications are found in basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus and subcortical white matter as the researchers found in this patient (see figure 1). 13,14 Specific haematologicaland biochemical investigations should be conducted to differentiate between Fahr's disease and syndrome. Suggested examination panel consisting of serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and parathyroid hormone, was completed in this case, and it showed a normal result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fahr’s syndrome in teenage girls with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report

Prasetya

Sumadiono

2020

JKKI

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Fahr's disease or Fahr's syndrome is a condition characterized by intracranial calcifications especially in basal ganglia and dentate nuclei. They are a rare condition with a broad range of manifestations from asymptomatic condition to severe neurological and psychiatry signs and symptoms. The aim of this report to present Fahr's syndrome as an alternative diagnosis of neuropsychiatry symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We present a 17-year-old teenage girl who have had a preexisting diagnosis of SLE and have been on remission. The patient recently had experienced headache, auditory hallucination and memory loss despite having a low activity score of SLE and no laboratory relapse. Head CT scan showed bilateral basal ganglia calcifications suggesting a Fahr's disease. Clinical outcome in this condition might vary but might worsen neurocognitive functions. Sindrom Fahr adalah kondisi yang ditandai dengan kalsifikasi intrakranial terutama ganglia basalis dan nukleus dentata. Sindrom Fahr adalah penyakit yang jarang ditemui dengan manifestasi beragam mulai dari asimtomatik hingga tanda dan gejala neuropsikiatri yang berat. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan penyakit Fahr sebagai salah satu kemungkinan penyebab gejala neuropsikiatri pada kasus lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES).Pada laporan kasus ini, pasien merupakan seorang remaja perempuan berusia 17 tahun dengan diagnosis LES dan telah dinyatakan remisi. Pasien mengalami gejala baru berupa sakit kepala, halusinasi auditorik, dan gangguan memori meskipun skor aktivitas penyakit dan temuan laboratorium dalam batas normal. Pasien didiagnosis sebagai penyakit Fahr berdasarkan gejala neuropsikiatri dan adanya kalsifikasi ganglia basalis pada CT scan kepala. Luaran klinis penyakit Fahr sangat beragam tetapi dapat mengganggu fungsi neurokognitif pasien di kemudian hari.

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“…CT is preferred as an imaging modality in adults presenting with new-onset seizures 6 . It is more accurate in detecting lesions with underlying calcification 7 . According to the studies by Obajimi et al .…”

Section: Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic implications of neuroimaging in epilepsy and other seizure disorders

Nieto‐Salazar

Velasquez‐Botero

Toro‐Velandia

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder that affects ~1–2% of the global population, leading to presentation in the emergency room. The neuroimaging modalities have an important application in diagnosing new onset unprovoked seizures and epilepsy. This article discusses the various neuroimaging modalities for diagnosing seizures and epilepsy and addresses that the MRI is the investigation of choice, and urgent imaging is more commonly done by computed tomography in patients with new-onset seizures. The goal of the article was to diagnose seizures and epilepsy for early intervention to prevent complications or damage to the brain. MRI detects even small cortical epileptogenic lesions, whereas computed tomography is used in screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and monitoring of the prognosis of seizures in children. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides biochemical measurements of reduced N-acetyl aspartate and increased creatinine and choline in dysfunctioning epileptic zones. Volumetric MRI is very sensitive and specific in determining seizures originating in extratemporal and extrahippocampal sites. Even though diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging has a limited role, it is used in specific pediatric patient groups with temporal lobe epilepsy. Functional radionuclide imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computerized tomography) are increasingly significant for the identification of the epileptic region. Furthermore, the authors recommend the use of artificial intelligence and further research on imaging modalities for early diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy.

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Imaging in Fahr’s disease: how CT and MRI differ?

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

A case of Fahr disease with transient slurred speech and abnormal movement of the left arm

A case of Fahr disease with transient slurred speech and abnormal movement of the left arm

Fahr’s syndrome in teenage girls with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report

Diagnostic implications of neuroimaging in epilepsy and other seizure disorders

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