Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Ginkel, Martha S van; Glaudemans, Andor W J M; Vegt, Bert van der; Mossel, Esther; Kroese, Frans G. M.; Bootsma, Hendrika; Vissink, Arjan

doi:10.3390/jcm9082492

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Primary Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant activation of immune responses and lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to xerostomia and xerophthalmia [87,88]. Recent studies have reported that UCMSCs alleviate the related symptoms via mediating the functions of T17 cells, Treg cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and macrophages.…”

Section: Primary Sjögren's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases

Yang

You

et al. 2021

Stem Cell Res Ther

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The autoimmune diseases are characterized by overactivation of immune cells, chronic inflammation, and immune response to self-antigens, leading to the damage and dysfunction of multiple organs. Patients still do not receive desired clinical outcomes while suffer from various adverse effects imparted by current therapies. The therapeutic strategies based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation have become the promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to the immunomodulation property of MSCs. MSCs derived from perinatal tissues are collectively known as perinatal MSCs (PMSCs), which can be obtained via painless procedures from donors with lower risk of being contaminated by viruses than those MSCs from adult tissue sources. Therefore, PMSCs may be the ideal cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes recent progress and possible mechanisms of PMSCs in treating autoimmune diseases in animal experiments and clinical studies. This review also presents existing challenges and proposes solutions, which may provide new hints on PMSC transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Primary Sjögren's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases

Yang

You

et al. 2021

Stem Cell Res Ther

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“…In contrast, other studies have suggested that hypoechogenic areas reflect the level of damage of the glands. These discrepancies can be explained by differences in patient characteristics between cohorts [reviewed in van Ginkel et al ( 62 )].…”

Section: Ocular and Salivary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Sjögren's Syndrome: Present Issues and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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In view of the new possibilities for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) given by the availability of new biotechnological agents targeting the various molecular and cellular actors of the pathological process of the disease, classification criteria aimed at selecting patients to be enrolled in therapeutic trials, and validated outcome measures to be used as response criteria to these new therapies, have been developed and validated in the last decades. Unfortunately, the therapeutic trials so far completed with these new treatments have yielded unsatisfactory or only partially positive results. The main issues that have been evoked to justify the poor results of the new therapeutic attempts are: (i) the extreme variability of the disease phenotypes of the patients enrolled in the trials, which are dependent on different underlying patterns of biological mechanisms, (ii) the fact that the disease has a long indolent course, and that most of the enrolled patients might already have irreversible clinical features. The advances in the research of new disease biomarkers that can better distinguish the different clinical phenotypes of patients and diagnose the disease in an earlier phase are also discussed.

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“…It has recently been shown that imaging techniques can assist in the diagnosis of pSS, and in the assessment of the activity and progression of the disease. Furthermore, many imaging techniques have been evaluated as fundamental tools in diagnosis and staging of pSS-associated SGs lymphoma [ 22 ].…”

Section: Imaging and Parotid Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multimodal MRI examination (functional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient calculation) can increase differentiation accuracy of parotid lesions [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Although benign and malignant lesions of the SGs often appear similar, with overlapping and non-specific features in MRI, the high spatial resolution and fine characterization of deeper anatomical structures make MRI an imaging technique that can be useful in some cases for diagnostic guidance and local staging of pSS-associated SGs lymphoma [ 22 , 56 ]. Recently, as SGs features in MRI showed concordance with salivary glands ultrasound (SGUS), SGUS might represent a more accessible alternative for pSS assessment both in the diagnostic iter [ 22 ] and in guiding the histological sampling of suspicious lesions.…”

Section: Imaging and Parotid Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scintigraphy was omitted by the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria due to its low specificity and inability to differentiate uptake failure from secretory failure [ 61 ] Several studies analyzed its usefulness in the determination of salivary gland disfunction and its correlation with pSS severity [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]; the role of specific scintigraphic tracers has also been evaluated, as 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC, which binds to the overexpressed somatostatin receptors [ 65 ]; 99mTc labeled with Rituximab, which images B lymphocytes [ 66 ]. Nevertheless, the limited resolution (8–10 mm) and the inability to quantify the exact uptake remain major issues [ 22 , 56 ].…”

Section: Imaging and Parotid Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound and Bioptic Investigation of Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Manfrè

Giovannini

Callegher

et al. 2021

JCM

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Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic and heterogeneous disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of glandular and extra-glandular features. The hallmark of pSS is considered to be the immune-mediated involvement of the exocrine glands and B-cell hyperactivation. This leads pSS patients to an increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative diseases, and persistent (>2 months) major salivary gland enlargement is a well-known clinical sign of possible involvement by B cell lymphoma. Better stratification of the patients may improve understanding of the mechanism underlying the risk of lymphoproliferative disorder. Here, we summarize the role of different imaging techniques and a bioptic approach in pSS patients, focusing mainly on the role of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) and a US-guided core needle biopsy (Us-guided CNB) as diagnostic and prognostic tools in pSS patients with persistent parotid swelling.

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Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Cited by 59 publications

References 113 publications

The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases

The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases

Management of Sjögren's Syndrome: Present Issues and Future Perspectives

Ultrasound and Bioptic Investigation of Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

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