Imaging individuals with obesity

Nabasenja, Caroline; Barry, Kym; Nelson, Tarni; Chandler, Amanda; Hewis, Johnathan

doi:10.1016/j.jmir.2022.02.003

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Furthermore, it could be confirmed that IR is superior to FBP, and there is a demonstrable improvement in image quality. Using IR, especially in obese patients, to maintain image quality at reduced radiation doses was described previously 53,54 and allowed for a 30% to 60% dose reduction in a recent study. 55 This is not surprising and reflects the general experience with these reconstruction procedures, but again emphasizes the importance of broad use of IR.…”

Section: †Anovamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose CT Imaging of the Pelvis in Follow-up Examinations—Significant Dose Reduction and Impact of Tin Filtration

et al. 2022

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Objectives: Low-dose (LD) computed tomography (CT) is still rarely used in musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology. This study evaluates the potentials of LD CT for follow-up pelvic imaging with special focus on tin filtration (Sn) technology for normal and obese patients with and without metal implants. Materials and Methods: In a phantom study, 5 different LD and normal-dose (ND) CT protocols with and without tin filtration were tested using a normal and an obese phantom. Iterative reconstruction (IR) and filtered back projection (FBP) were used for CT image reconstruction. In a subsequent retrospective patient study, ND CT images of 45 patients were compared with follow-up tin-filtered LD CT images with a 90% dose reduction. Sixty-four percent of patients contained metal implants at the follow-up examination. Computed tomography images were objectively (image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], dose-normalized contrast-to-noise ratio [CNRD]) and subjectively, using a 6-point Likert score, evaluated. In addition, the figure of merit was calculated. For group comparisons, paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank test, analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, where applicable. Results: The LD Sn protocol with 67% dose reduction resulted in equal values in qualitative (Likert score) and quantitative image analysis (image noise) compared with the ND protocol in the phantom study. For follow-up examinations, dose could be reduced up to 90% by using Sn LD CT scans without impairment in the clinical study. However, metal implants resulted in a mild impairment of Sn LD as well as ND CT images. Cancellous bone (P < 0.001) was assessed worse and cortical bone ( P = 0.063) equally in Sn LD CT images compared with ND CT images. Figure of merit values were significant ( P ≤ 0.02) lower and hence better in Sn LD as in ND protocols. Obese patients benefited in particular from tin filtration in LD MSK imaging in terms of image noise and CNR ( P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Low-dose CT scans with tin filtration allow maximum dose reduction while maintaining high image quality for certain clinical purposes, for example, follow-up examinations, especially metal implant position, material loosening, and consolidation controls. Overweight patients benefit particularly from tin filter technology. Although metal implants decrease image quality in ND as well as in Sn LD CT images, this is not a relevant limitation for assessability.

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Section: †Anovamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose CT Imaging of the Pelvis in Follow-up Examinations—Significant Dose Reduction and Impact of Tin Filtration

et al. 2022

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“…Measuring the size of each fat depot in clinical settings remains a challenge. The most precise tools are computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are time consuming, costly and, in the case of CT, require radiation [8 ▪ ,9]. These reasons justify the use by clinicians of less precise, but more accommodating tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate and obesity – what is the link?

Chaouche,

Marcotte,

Maltais-Payette

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Many studies using metabolomics have tried to unravel the metabolic signature of obesity and understand the pathophysiology of this complex and heterogeneous disease. Circulating levels of the amino acid glutamate have been consistently associated with obesity and more specifically with measurements of abdominal fat accumulation. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight recent studies documenting this association. Recent findings Circulating glutamate concentrations have been positively correlated with measurements of central fat accumulation such as waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue area. Moreover, elevated glutamate levels have been linked to a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The association with adiposity is detected in early life, and genetic predisposition does not appear as a major driver. Glutamate levels reflect in vivo synthesis rather than dietary intake. However, interventions generating metabolic improvements such as incretin receptor agonist treatment or dietary improvements may reduce plasma levels of this amino acid. Summary Recent findings confirm the consistent association between circulating glutamate and abdominal obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. The pathophysiological pathways underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Furthermore, studies are needed to establish the usefulness of this analyte as a biomarker of abdominal obesity.

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