Imaging intelligence with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Jung, Rex E.; Gasparovic, Charles; Chavez, Robert S.; Caprihan, Arvind; Barrow, Ranee; Yeo, Ronald A.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.10.009

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Second, the relationship between g and NAA is better explained by regional than global indices. This is especially possible in the light of earlier finding by Jung et al (Jung et al, 2009), who showed in the same individuals both negative and positive correlations between IQ and NAA depending of the region examined. It would then follow that these differences could cancel each other out at the global level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The whole-brain N-acetylaspartate correlates with education in normal adults

Glodzik

Babb

et al. 2012

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is an index of neuronal integrity. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects its whole brain concentration (WBNAA) may be related to formal educational attainment, a common proxy for cognitive reserve. To test this hypothesis 97 middle aged to elderly subjects (51–89 years old, 38% women) underwent brain MRI and non-localizing proton spectroscopy. Their WBNAA was obtained by dividing their whole-head NAA amount with the brain volume. Intracranial volume and fractional brain volume, a metric of brain atrophy, were also determined. Each subject’s educational attainment was the sum of their years of formal education. In the entire group higher education was associated with larger intracranial volume. The relationship between WBNAA and education was observed only in younger (51–70 years old) participants. In this group education explained 21% variance in WBNAA. More WBNAA was related to more years of formal education in adults and younger elders. Prospective studies can determine whether this relationship reflects a true advantage from years of training versus innate characteristic predisposing to higher achievements later in life. We offer that late life WBNAA may be more affected by other like factors acting at midlife and later.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The whole-brain N-acetylaspartate correlates with education in normal adults

Glodzik

Babb

et al. 2012

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…Importantly, this “disinhibition” likely corresponds to both BVSR aspect of creative cognition, although the bias would be toward elaboration , where multiple ideas can be generated in an environment lacking refinement, formal testing, or selection pressures. Our research tends to support the notion that some normal brains, performing better on standard creativity measures, are more “disinhibited” in their organization, with certain regions having lower cortical volume (Jung et al, 2010c), lower white matter fidelity (Jung et al, 2010a), and (at or below a verbal IQ of 116) anterior cingulate biochemistry tending to “gate” frontal information flow (Jung et al, 2009a). Certain clinical entities (particularly semantic dementia) and lesions within isolated anterior frontal and inferior parietal brain regions support the notion of disinhibitory facilitation of blind variation serving creative cognition (Miller et al, 1998; Shamay-Tsoory et al, 2011; Abraham et al, 2012a).…”

Section: What Does It All Mean?mentioning

confidence: 56%

The structure of creative cognition in the human brain

Jung¹

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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330

246

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Creativity is a vast construct, seemingly intractable to scientific inquiry—perhaps due to the vague concepts applied to the field of research. One attempt to limit the purview of creative cognition formulates the construct in terms of evolutionary constraints, namely that of blind variation and selective retention (BVSR). Behaviorally, one can limit the “blind variation” component to idea generation tests as manifested by measures of divergent thinking. The “selective retention” component can be represented by measures of convergent thinking, as represented by measures of remote associates. We summarize results from measures of creative cognition, correlated with structural neuroimaging measures including structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We also review lesion studies, considered to be the “gold standard” of brain-behavioral studies. What emerges is a picture consistent with theories of disinhibitory brain features subserving creative cognition, as described previously (Martindale, 1981). We provide a perspective, involving aspects of the default mode network (DMN), which might provide a “first approximation” regarding how creative cognition might map on to the human brain.

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“…Recent studies with larger sample sizes have reported associations between intelligence and white matter tract structure (from diffusion imaging [48,49] ) as well as white matter integrity (volume of white matter hyperintensities, number of microbleeds, number of iron deposits) [50] ; a combination of these with brain volume and cortical thickness has been shown to account for as much as 20% of the variance in g [51] . The role of white matter is further corroborated by several MR spectroscopy studies which find a relationship between N-acetyl aspartate, a metabolite of the oligodendrocytes that constitute the myelin sheath [52] , and IQ scores. Neuroimaging studies remain correlative in nature, and causal inference is limited.…”

Section: Structural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 73%

A distributed brain network predicts general intelligence from resting-state human neuroimaging data

Dubois

Galdi

Paul

et al. 2018

Preprint

102

149

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Individual people differ in their ability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, plan and learn. A reliable measure of this general ability, also known as intelligence, can be derived from scores across a diverse set of cognitive tasks. There is great interest in understanding the neural underpinnings of individual differences in intelligence, since it is the single best predictor of long-term life success, and since individual differences in a similar broad ability are found across animal species. The most replicated neural correlate of human intelligence to date is total brain volume. However, this coarse morphometric correlate gives no insights into mechanisms; it says little about function. Here we ask whether measurements of the activity of the resting brain (resting-state fMRI) might also carry information about intelligence. We used the final release of the Young Adult Human Connectome Project dataset (N=884 subjects after exclusions), providing a full hour of resting-state fMRI per subject; controlled for gender, age, and brain volume; and derived a reliable estimate of general intelligence from scores on multiple cognitive tasks. Using a cross-validated predictive framework, we predicted 20% of the variance in general intelligence in the sampled population from their resting-state fMRI data. Interestingly, no single anatomical structure or network was responsible or necessary for this prediction, which instead relied on redundant information distributed across the brain.peer-reviewed)

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Imaging intelligence with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

The whole-brain N-acetylaspartate correlates with education in normal adults

The whole-brain N-acetylaspartate correlates with education in normal adults

The structure of creative cognition in the human brain

A distributed brain network predicts general intelligence from resting-state human neuroimaging data

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