Imaging interferometric microscopy

Abstract

We introduce and demonstrate a new microscopy concept: imaging interferometric microscopy (IIM), which is related to holography, synthetic-aperture imaging, and off-axis-dark-field illumination techniques. IIM is a wavelength-division multiplex approach to image formation that combines multiple images covering different spatial-frequency regions to form a composite image with a resolution much greater than that permitted by the same optical system using conventional techniques. This new type of microscopy involves both off-axis coherent illumination and reinjection of appropriate zero-order reference beams. Images demonstrate high resolution, comparable with that of a high-numerical-aperture (NA) objective, while they retain the long working distance, the large depth of field, and the large field of view of a low-NA objective. A Fourier-optics model of IIM is in good agreement with the experiment.

Magnonic Holographic Memory

“…The first holograms were designed for use with electron microscopes 2 and it wasn't until a decade later with the advent of the laser that optical holographic images were popularized 3 . The discovery and development of holography has brought to life a variety of novel technologies including holographic interferometry 4 , interferometric microscopy 5 , holographic security 6 , and enriched different fields of science and art 7 . Multiple other fields have had major contributions made by using wave interference to produce holograms, including acoustic holograms 8 used in seismic applications, and microwave holography 9 used in radar systems.…”

Nanophotonics for optical super resolution from an information theoretical perspective: a review

“…However, they do not provide significantly high synthetic aperture values. For this reason, other approaches [68][69][70][71][72] apply the same underlying principle but using medium NA lenses (ranging from 0.3 to 0.7). This fact permits the definition of synthetic numerical apertures higher than the theoretical value for air-immersed imaging system but with the added value of the unique feature provided by holography: the recovery of the complex amplitude distribution of the wavefront that is leaving the sample.…”

Digital Holographic Superresolution by Rotating the Object Wavefield

“…However, these methods are difficult to implement and take considerable time. In a form of incoherent superposition was proposed 12,13 to increase the synthetic aperture of holographic systems in which the off axis illumination was used to shift signal energy from high spatial frequencies to lower one enabling recording. The idea of incoherent superposition of digital holograms for superresolution has also been proposed 14 involving the tilting of the illuminated spherical beams that are incident on objects in DH magnification systems allowing for improvements in resolution in the order of 2-3.…”