Imaging modification of colon carcinoma cells exposed to lipid based nanovectors for drug delivery: a scanning electron microscopy investigation

Abstract

The adsorption at cell surfaces and cell internalization of two drug delivery lipid based nanovectors has been investigated by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) operating at low beam voltage on two different colon carcinoma cell lines, CaCo-2 and CoLo-205, that were compared with the M14 melanoma cell line, as a reference. The cells were incubated with the investigated multifunctional nanovectors, based on liposomes and magnetic micelles loaded with 5-fluorouracil, as a chemotherapeutic agent, and a FE-SEM systematic investigation was performed, enabling a detailed imaging of any morphological changes of the drug exposed cells as a function of time. The results of the FE-SEM investigation were validated by MTS assay and immunofluorescence staining of the Ki-67 protein performed on the investigated cell lines at different times. The two nanoformulations resulted in a comparable effect on CaCo-2 and M14 cell lines, while for CoLo 205 cells, the liposomes provided an cytotoxic activity higher than that observed in the case of the micelles. The study highlighted the high potential of FE-SEM as a valuable complementary technique for imaging and monitoring in time the drug effects on the selected cells exposed to the two different nanoformulations. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: FE-SEM analysis performed on the three different cell lines, aer their incubation with free 5-FU for 24 and 48 hours. See Fig. 9 Representative FE-SEM micrographs (EHT ¼ 3.00 kV) and their corresponding close-up details, at higher magnification, of CoLo-205 (a and a 1 ) cells after 48 hours treatment with SPION/5-FU/Micelles, CaCo-2 (b and b 1 ) cells after 48 hours treatment with 5-FU/Liposomes, and M-14 (c, c 1 and d, d 1 ) cells after 48 hours treatment with SPION/5-FU/Micelles and 5-FU/Liposomes, respectively.21818 | RSC Adv., 2019,9,[21810][21811][21812][21813][21814][21815][21816][21817][21818][21819][21820][21821][21822][21823][21824][21825] This journal is

A Possible Role of FZD10 Delivering Exosomes Derived from Colon Cancers Cell Lines in Inducing Activation of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Normal Colon Epithelial Cell Line

“…The instrument operates with a 4 mW He-Ne laser as a light source (wavelength λ = 633 nm). A disposable folded capillary cell, DTS1070 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK), was used, as already reported by Depalo et al [ 40 ]. Three consecutive measurements were performed on each sample to obtain data reported as average value ± standard deviation.…”

Influence of Magnetic Micelles on Assembly and Deposition of Porphyrin J-Aggregates

“…In particular, two different magnetic micelles were prepared to investigate the self-assembly process. The aqueous dispersibility of the (Figure 1) [66,75]. Indeed, magnetic micelles composed only of PEG-2-PE (SPIONs@PEG-micelles, Figure 1A) and amine-functionalized magnetic micelles based on a PEG-2-PE/ DSPE-PEG-amine mixture (SPIONs@NH 2 -PEG-micelles, Figure 1B) were obtained by the encapsulation of a certain number of organic-capped SPIONs having an average diameter of about 9 nm ( Figure 1C) clustered in the hydrophobic core into the single micelle.…”

Effectiveness of a Controlled 5-FU Delivery Based on FZD10 Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes in Colorectal Cancer In vitro Models

“…Nude LPs loaded with 5-FU (5-FU/LPs) were prepared using the ether injection method [ 24 ]. Briefly, 2.738 mL of an ether/chloroform (1:1, v / v ) solution, 0.274 mL of a chloroform solution of lipid mix containing cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and stearylamine (7:3:1 molar ratio) and 11 µL of a chloroform solution of DSPE-PEG2000 were mixed in a glass vial using a magnetic stirrer, brought to a lipid mix/DSPE-PEG2000 molar ratio of 3:0.3.…”

“…Then, 3 mL of aqueous solution 5-FU (38 mM) were rapidly injected into the organic lipid solution using a sterile glass syringe. LPs were then obtained according to the previously reported experimental procedure [ 24 ]. Empty LPs were prepared following the same protocol, but without 5-FU addition.…”