Imaging of Acute Conditions of Male Reproductive Organs

Missiroli, Caterina; Mansouri, Mohammad; Singh, Ajay K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65397-6_8

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The definitive finding in testicular rupture is discontinuity of the hyperechoic tunica albuginea surrounding the testis. Further findings include an associated distortion of the testicular contour, parenchymal heterogeneity and haematocoele, and in combination, these findings improve sonographic sensitivity [1,24,25]. There is almost inevitable loss of the tunica vasculosa resulting in ischaemia of at least a portion of the testis, which would necessitate debridement if the testis can be spared [25].…”

Section: Acute Testicular Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testicular rupture is a rare condition requiring extensive force from a blunt or penetrating injury resulting in loss of integrity of the tunica albuginea. This requires urgent urological referral as 80% of testes can be salvaged if diagnosis is made within 72 h of injury, after which there is a high rate of orchidectomy [1,23,24]. The B-mode appearances of a testicular rupture are usually diagnostic with sensitivity and specificity at 100% and 93.5%, respectively [23].…”

Section: Acute Testicular Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear delineation of vascular perfusion on follow-up imaging can increase the clinician's confidence in tissue perfusion and avoiding the need for further surgical management. Testicular fracture is defined as a traumatic interruption of the testicular parenchyma which may occur independently from disruption of the tunica albuginea [24]. In some cases, secondary rupture of the tunica albuginea may occur due to raised intratesticular pressure secondary to haematoma [1].…”

Section: Acute Testicular Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, secondary rupture of the tunica albuginea may occur due to raised intratesticular pressure secondary to haematoma [1]. Testicular fracture requires rapid diagnosis due to the high rate of orchidectomy associated with the injury [19,24]. B-mode imaging demonstrates an ill-defined, hypoechoic linear area which traverses the testis [19]; however, visualisation of the fracture plane is only seen in 17% of cases [23].…”

Section: Acute Testicular Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the evaluation of scrotal trauma: a review

et al. 2020

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Testicular trauma is common, usually trivial and rarely requires hospital attendance, but if it does, then imaging becomes essential as scrotal assessment may be difficult due to pain and/or scrotal disruption. Ultrasound (US) assumes a crucial role as other cross-sectional modalities have a limited use in the acute presentation. Despite the acceptable accuracy of conventional US techniques, there are limitations which hinder a thorough evaluation, critically the assessment of tissue viability, crucial for clinical management and prognosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been shown to offer improved flow visualisation and tissue perfusion compared with conventional Doppler techniques. CEUS can accurately and confidently demonstrate the viability of testicular parenchyma, delineate fracture lines and haematomas and guide treatment for testis-sparing surgery or orchidectomy. The purpose of this review is to present the literature, familiarise physicians with the principles of CEUS and findings of scrotal trauma and illustrate the main abnormalities through characteristic and educative cases.

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