Imaging of Auditory Brain Stem Implants

Abstract

Auditory brain stem implants are infrequently encountered neuroprosthetic devices used for auditory rehabilitation in deaf patients with pathology between the cochlea and cochlear nuclei who would not benefit from cochlear implantation. This article reviews the device, the relevant anatomy, audiologic performance, operative approaches, and conditions in which auditory brain stem implants are indicated. The imaging appearance of auditory brain stem implants, including optimal lead positioning, and imaging safety considerations of the device are also discussed. Knowledge of the device can assist the radiologist in detecting postoperative complications and component malpositioning and in providing safe and effective imaging practices in patients with indwelling auditory brain stem implants.Learning Objective: To describe the auditory brain stem implant device, identify optimal lead positioning, and list indications for auditory brain stem implant placement.

Auditory brainstem implant technology and use: Auditory implants

“…In 1967, the first successful CI without biocompatibility problems was produced and applied [7]. From the 1970s to the present, device improvements and processing advances have resulted in the cochlear implant being the most successful neuro-prosthetic device currently in use [8]. CI demonstrated the feasibility of electrically stimulated auditory perception and provided a basis for the development of ABI devices.…”

“…There are two standard surgical approaches in ABI applications. A translabyrinthine approach is preferred in patients with tumors [8]. This approach provides a more direct route to the lateral recess, allowing early and safe identification of the facial nerve.…”

“…However, the biggest disadvantage of this approach is that it destroys residual hearing. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with residual hearing [8]. The retrosigmoid approach, on the other hand, is preferred in patients who do not have tumors and who have tried to preserve residual hearing.…”