Imaging of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents

Khoury, Nabil; Hourani, Mukbil; Arabi, Maher; Abi-Fakher, Faysal S.; Haddad, Maurice C.

doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2006.07.007

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additionally, practitioners avoid oblique images in order to minimize gonadal exposure to ionizing radiation in athletes under the age of 18. SPECT scan has been shown to be more sensitive than both plain radiography and planar bone scan (14,22). The use of SPECT scan and plain radiography in combination together can be helpful.…”

Section: Spondylolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since its recognition, there have been multiple case series and reviews showing the high prevalence of spondylolysis in some adolescent athletic populations, including gymnastics (2,4,6,13,15,17,18,22,26,30,35,38,43,44,48). In a gymnast with spondylolysis, these lesions are related to mechanical stress via repetitive hyperextension and rotation of the lumbar spine.…”

Section: Spondylolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spine Injuries in the Sport of Gymnastics

Kruse

Lemmen²

2009

Current Sports Medicine Reports

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Injury in gymnastics is not an uncommon occurrence, and an injury of the spine frequently is a source of pain in a gymnast. Because of the unique demands of this sport, which repetitively place significant forces across the spine, it becomes clear why the spine commonly is injured. Potential causes of back pain in a gymnast include spondylolysis, Scheuermann_s disease, intervertebral disc pathology, and mechanical sources of pain. Much of the diagnostic workup and management of spondylolysis lesions remains controversial, but a successful management strategy can be developed for the safe return of a gymnast to the mat. Mechanical sources of pain are common and should be addressed. Psychosocial etiologies of back pain also exist in these athletes. Rehabilitation strategies should focus on improvement in the strength and function of the trunk and lumbar spine and the correction of biomechanical deficits with a goal of pain-free transition back to gymnastic-specific activities.

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Section: Spondylolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Spondylolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Spine Injuries in the Sport of Gymnastics

Kruse

Lemmen²

2009

Current Sports Medicine Reports

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“…In teens, herniated discs are usually posttraumatic rather than degenerative [ 24 ] and may result from hyperextension or excessive loading. Adolescent disc herniation is fi ve times more common in those with a positive family history [ 25 ].…”

Section: Intervertebral Disc Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spine: Acquired Disorders

Wootton‐Gorges¹

2014

Pediatric Orthopedic Imaging

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The chapter begins with the discussion of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, including a section describing various methods for imaging these conditions. Intervertebral disc disease follows, with discussion of intervertebral calcifi cation and disc prolapse. Spinal trauma is addressed, along with infl ammatory and neoplastic destructive vertebral lesions. The last section of the chapter covers salient features of tumors that occur in the spine, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and osteochondroma.The pediatric spine is affected by a variety of processes that are unique to children or that manifest in children in unusual ways. Spondylolysis represents a response to chronic stress injury and may lead to spondylolisthesis, wherein one vertebra slips forward on the subjacent vertebra. Spine fractures in young children differ greatly from those in adults and are especially common in the upper cervical spine. Discitis, an uncommon idiopathic infl ammatory process, is essentially limited to children, whereas disc herniation and spine infection in children resemble these processes in adults. Several bone tumors, such as osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and osteochondroma have unique appearances in the spine. (Infl ammatory,

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“…MRI may be helpful to rule out discitis if this is the concern. In addition, MRI will further evaluate Schmorl's nodes and disc prolapse beneath the vertebral apophyses (Khoury et al 2006 ) (Fig. 12.11 ).…”

Section: Scheuermannmentioning

confidence: 99%