Imaging of horseshoe kidneys and their complications

O’Brien, J; Buckley, Orla; Doody, Orla; Ward, Erin; Persaud, Thara; Torreggiani, W C

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.01950.x

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital anomaly seen in 1 in 500 adults [27] . It is formed by fusion across the midline of two distinct functioning kidneys, one on each side of the midline.…”

Section: Horse Shoe Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-modality imaging review of congenital abnormalities of kidney and upper urinary tract

Ramanathan¹,

Kumar²,

Khanna³

et al. 2016

WJR

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Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) include a wide range of abnormalities ranging from asymptomatic ectopic kidneys to life threatening renal agenesis (bilateral). Many of them are detected in the antenatal or immediate postnatal with a significant proportion identified in the adult population with varying degree of severity. CAKUT can be classified on embryological basis in to abnormalities in the renal parenchymal development, aberrant embryonic migration and abnormalities of the collecting system. Renal parenchymal abnormalities include multi cystic dysplastic kidneys, renal hypoplasia, number (agenesis or supernumerary), shape and cystic renal diseases. Aberrant embryonic migration encompasses abnormal location and fusion anomalies. Collecting system abnormalities include duplex kidneys and Pelvi ureteric junction obstruction. Ultrasonography (US) is typically the first imaging performed as it is easily available, noninvasive and radiation free used both antenatally and postnatally. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful to confirm the ultrasound detected abnormality, detection of complex malformations, demonstration of collecting system and vascular anatomy and more importantly for early detection of complications like renal calculi, infection and malignancies. As CAKUT are one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease, it is important for the radiologists to be familiar with the varying imaging appearances of CAKUT on US, CT and MRI, thereby helping in prompt diagnosis and optimal management.

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Section: Horse Shoe Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-modality imaging review of congenital abnormalities of kidney and upper urinary tract

Ramanathan¹,

Kumar²,

Khanna³

et al. 2016

WJR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As it is always an isolated anomaly, cases can be diagnosed following recurrent urinary tract infections, hydronephrosis, obstructive uropathy (mostly ureteropelvic junction obtruction) and nephrolithiasis 5,6 . Congenital anomalies can also occur (4% hypospadias, 4% unaligned testicles, 7% bicornate uterus, 7% septated vagina, 10% urethral duplication, 20% urethropelvic compound obstruction, 50% vesicourethral reflux, 1% multicystic dysplasia and 50% nephrolithiasis) 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horseshoe kidney with growth retardation: Don't forget Turner syndrome

et al. 2016

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Horseshoe kidney is the most frequent renal fusion anomaly that is usually asymptomatic and isolated malformation. However it can be seen with various syndromes and chromosomal anomalies. It was reported that 15-35% of Turner syndrome cases (TS) also display horseshoe kidney condition. TS is a chromosomal anomaly that had been characterized by delayed puberty, short body height and gonadal dysgenesis. In this report a five-year-old girl with horseshoe kidney, which has growth retardation during follow-up as only symptom of Turner syndrome.

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“…The alternative proposal is that HSK results from a teratogenic event involving the abnormal migration of posterior nephrogenic cells to form a parenchymal isthmus. This could explain the increased incidence of malignancies associated with HSK, such as Wilms' tumor and HSK carcinoid (O'Brien et al 2008). Prenatal diagnosis is also possible as early as the first trimester of pregnancy, using high-frequency transvaginal sonography (Bronstein et al 1990).…”

Section: Horseshoe Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of Wilms' tumor is higher than in the general population. Benign tumors that usually accompany HSK include renal angiolipoma and oncocytoma (O'Brien et al 2008). Horseshoe kidney should not adversely affect pregnancy or delivery.…”

Section: Horseshoe Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%