Imaging of Large Airways Disorders

Heidinger, Benedikt H.; Occhipinti, Mariaelena; Eisenberg, Ronald L.; Bankier, Alexander A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.14.13857

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…The combination of these techniques could help to reveal tumor locations and morphologies, extramural invasions of tumors, longitudinal involvements of tumors, morphologies and extents of luminal stenosis, distances between main bronchus tumors and tracheal carina, and internal features of tumors ( Figure 2) (14,15). VB can show a real-like anatomical view of the tracheobronchial tree.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ninety percent of all adult primary tracheal neoplasms are malignant with common histopathological patterns comprising of SCC, ACC, carcinoid, MEC, and papilloma (13). SCC are aggressive neoplasms associated with smoking, with a peak incidence between the ages of 50 and 70 years (12,14). SCC is the most common tracheal tumor and is two to four times more common in men.…”

Section: Primary Malignant Tumors Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracheobronchial tumors

Stevic¹,

Milenković²

2016

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Malignant Tumors Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheobronchial tumors

Stevic¹,

Milenković²

2016

J. Thorac. Dis.

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“…Both congenital and acquired variants of TBM exist with acquired forms arising secondary to chronic inflammation, chronic infection, and damage during intubation [36]. Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) also results in narrowing of the airway; however the collapse is due to laxity of the posterior longitudinal elastic fibres with normal cartilaginous rings [37].…”

Section: Acquired Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond bronchitis: a review of the congenital and acquired abnormalities of the bronchus

et al. 2016

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Anomalies of the bronchus can be both congenital and acquired. Several different congenital aberrations of the bronchial anatomy are commonly encountered including tracheal bronchus, accessory cardiac bronchus, and bronchial agenesis/aplasia/hypoplasia. In addition, Williams-Campbell syndrome and cystic fibrosis are two other congenital conditions that result in bronchial pathology. Acquired pathology affecting the bronchi can typically be divided into three broad categories of bronchial disease: bronchial wall thickening, dilatation/bronchiectasis, and obstruction/stenosis. Bronchial wall thickening is the common final response of the airways to irritants, which cause the bronchi to become swollen and inflamed. Bronchiectasis/bronchial dilatation can develop in response to many aetiologies, including acquired conditions such as infection, pulmonary fibrosis, recurrent or chronic aspiration, as well as because of congenital conditions such as cystic fibrosis. The causes of obstruction and stenosis are varied and include foreign body aspiration, acute aspiration, tracheobronchomalacia, excessive dynamic airway collapse, neoplasm, granulomatous disease, broncholithiasis, and asthma. Knowledge of normal bronchial anatomy and its congenital variants is essential for any practicing radiologist. It is the role of the radiologist to identify common imaging patterns associated with the various categories of bronchial disease and provide the ordering clinician a useful differential diagnosis tailored to the patient’s clinical history and imaging findings. Teaching Points • Bronchial disorders are both congenital and acquired in aetiology.• Bronchial disease can be divided by imaging appearance: wall thickening, dilatation, or obstruction.• Bronchial wall thickening is the common final response of the airways to irritants.• Imaging patterns must be recognised and the differential diagnosis tailored for patient management.

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“…The extra thoracic trachea is (2-4 cm in length) and transitions to the intrathoracic trachea (6-9 cm in length) as it passes posterior to the manubrial notch. Cartilaginous C-shaped rings (1)(2)(3)(4) form the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea. The posterior "membranous" wall of the trachea is formed by the posterior tracheal membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple benign and malignant conditions may alter the normal appearance of the trachea. This review focuses on the imaging appearance of various benign and malignant disease entities that can affect the trachea (1,5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of the trachea

Shepard¹,

Flores²,

Abbott³

2018

Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg.

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Numerous benign and malignant tracheal diseases may affect the trachea primarily and secondarily. While the posterior anterior (PA) and lateral chest radiograph is the conventional study for initial evaluation of the trachea and central airways, findings may not always be apparent on conventional radiographs, and further evaluation with cross sectional imaging is usually necessary. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for imaging the trachea and bronchi. Familiarity with the imaging appearances of the normal and diseased trachea will enhance diagnostic evaluation.

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Imaging of Large Airways Disorders

Abstract: With diseases of the large airways more commonly seen in daily practice, it is important that radiologists be familiar with the appearances, differential diagnosis, and clinical implications of these entities.

Cited by 26 publications

References 106 publications

Tracheobronchial tumors

Tracheobronchial tumors

Beyond bronchitis: a review of the congenital and acquired abnormalities of the bronchus

Imaging of the trachea

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