Imaging of polysaccharides in the tomato cell wall with Raman microspectroscopy

Abstract

BackgroundThe primary cell wall of fruits and vegetables is a structure mainly composed of polysaccharides (pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose). Polysaccharides are assembled into a network and linked together. It is thought that the percentage of components and of plant cell wall has an important influence on mechanical properties of fruits and vegetables.ResultsIn this study the Raman microspectroscopy technique was introduced to the visualization of the distribution of polysaccharides in cell wall of fruit. The methodology of the sample preparation, the measurement using Raman microscope and multivariate image analysis are discussed. Single band imaging (for preliminary analysis) and multivariate image analysis methods (principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution) were used for the identification and localization of the components in the primary cell wall.ConclusionsRaman microspectroscopy supported by multivariate image analysis methods is useful in distinguishing cellulose and pectins in the cell wall in tomatoes. It presents how the localization of biopolymers was possible with minimally prepared samples.

Vibrational microspectroscopy enables chemical characterization of single pollen grains as well as comparative analysis of plant species based on pollen ultrastructure

“…Regarding that plant cells are on average some of the largest eukaryotic cells, in general both techniques have sufficient spatial resolution for the analysis of plant cells and tissues. FTIR and Raman have been applied extensively on various plant structures, such as cell walls, seeds, and leaves, for research on plant physiology, developmental biology, genetics and ecology (Gorzsas et al 2011;Barron et al 2005;Dokken et al 2005;Chen et al 2013;Yu 2011;Gierlinger and Schwanninger 2006;Chylińska et al 2014;Agarwal 2006;Fackler and Thygesen 2013;Gierlinger et al 2012). …”

Linking ATR-FTIR and Raman features to phenolic extractability and other attributes in grape skin

“…Differences between skin surfaces are not obvious at first sight (data not shown). A tentative assignment is shown in Table 3 [28,30,31,[49][50][51]. Fig.…”

“…Taking into account the fact that there are significant differences in these bands among the different grape skin surfaces, they could be mainly ascribed to the aliphatic material presents in the plant cuticle. The band at 1123 cm -1 is due to symmetric stretching of glycosidic C-O-C bonds in cellulose and other polysaccharides [31]. The band at 1342 cm -1 is due to HCC, HCO, HOC bending in cellulose [50] and finally, the band at 1606 cm -1 is due to stretching of aromatic rings of the remaining phenolic compounds [51].…”

“…Raman spectroscopy has also been employed with the same aim [28][29][30][31]. Therefore, both mid infrared and Raman spectroscopy have proved to be useful and reliable techniques in the study of cell wall structures of plant and fruit tissues.…”

Biological and Medical Applications of Multivariate Curve Resolution Assisted Raman Spectroscopy

“…Chylinska et al have demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish cellulose and pectins in the cell wall of tomato tissue from minimally prepared samples by employing MCR-ALS analysis. 47 Moreover, their distributions were also visualized with high specificity, which is otherwise not possible using single band imaging. Recently, Liu et al utilized hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy coupled with MCR-ALS to reveal spatial distribution of functional groups of lignin in plant cell walls.…”