Imaging of Surgical Diseases of the Newborn Chest

Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations: embryology, radiology and quandary

“…Once the fluid is absorbed the lobe becomes hyperinflated and therefore hyperlucent [18,34] with attenuation of the pulmonary vasculature. The distended lobe will compress the adjacent lung and can cause mediastinal shift (Fig.…”

“…The distended lobe will compress the adjacent lung and can cause mediastinal shift (Fig. 2b) [18,53]. Unlike CCAM and BPS, CLE is seen in the left upper lobe in up to two-thirds of cases, followed in order of frequency by the right middle and then upper lobes.…”

“…The ultrasound appearance is produced by the dilated bronchioles and alveolar ducts, giving rise to an effect similar to that of the cysts of autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease [19,20]. Recently, two further rare subtypes (4 and 0) have been described [18]. Type-4 CCAM feature a large cyst lined predominantly with alveolar type cells [18,22], and type-0 CCAM appear to originate from tracheobronchial structures.…”

“…Recently, two further rare subtypes (4 and 0) have been described [18]. Type-4 CCAM feature a large cyst lined predominantly with alveolar type cells [18,22], and type-0 CCAM appear to originate from tracheobronchial structures. At the cellular level there is, therefore, some evidence that the different types of CCAM are caused by injury to the developing lung at different gestational ages, resulting in different cellular components and pathological and radiological appearance [22].…”

“…ELS is separated from normal lung by its own discrete pleural layer and has venous drainage into the systemic circulation. ELS have a close association with the gastrointestinal tract, and up to 5-10% are located within the abdomen belying their common embryological origin [15,18,19,23]. Occasionally, ELS are known to possess connections with the upper gastrointestinal tract [9].…”