Imaging of the Normal and Affected Thyroid in Childhood

Bennedbæk, Finn Noe

doi:10.1159/000098034

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Typical sonographic signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis are patchy echo patterns or hypoechogenicity, both heterogeneous and diffuse, which are significant [20]. Hypoechogenicity depicts lymphocyte aggregation [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical, laboratory and anatomical pathology profiles of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya 2015 – 2020

Novita¹,

Wironegoro²,

Fauziah³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The primary cause of hypothyroidism in the sufficient iodine area is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune condition in which B cells and T cells slowly destroy the thyroid gland. To determine the diagnosis, we need the clinical, laboratory, cytological, and/or histopathology profiles. It aims to distinguish Hashimoto's thyroiditis from other diseases such as nontoxic goiter and Graves' disease. This retrospective descriptive study used data from the medical record of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2015-2020. This study used total sampling and got 18 patients in total. The patients were mostly females (n=15), in the age group of 40-49 years old (n=8). The main complaint was an enlargement or nodule in the neck. The TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were majorly higher than the normal range (n=8) meanwhile the FT4 levels were mostly normal (n=6) and low (n=6). The positivity of TPOAb (antibody against thyroid peroxidase) is merely found in one patient. The majority of the result of the Doppler ultrasound examinations revealed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (n=7). FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy) was performed on 11 patients. A histopathology examination was also conducted on 9 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. All of the cytology and histopathology examinations confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma was found to coexist with 2 Hashimoto's thyroiditis cases. The findings were similar to the previous studies, except that among all the subjects, those who are 40-49 in age were primarily found in this study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical, laboratory and anatomical pathology profiles of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya 2015 – 2020

Novita¹,

Wironegoro²,

Fauziah³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…Marked diffuse or inhomogeneous hypoechogenicity or patchy echo pattern are typical sonographic signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Bennedbaek and Hegedus 2007). Hypoechogenicity is a consequence of lymphocytic aggregations, which appear as very homogeneous tissue without reflecting surfaces (Radetti 2014).…”

Section: Thyroid Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Wiersinga¹

2016

Endocrinology

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis is best defined as an organ-specific autoimmune disease, characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland. Diagnostic criteria have changed dramatically since the first description in 1912; they now include the presence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin, hypoechogenicity on thyroid ultrasound, and often but not always hypothyroidism. Distinct pathologic phenotypes are recognized: goitrous and atrophic variants but also an IgG4-related variant, hashitoxicosis, juvenile thyroiditis, and silent or painless thyroiditis. With a prevalence of 10-12% in the general population, it is the most common autoimmune disease. The prevalence is higher in females than in males, increases with advancing age, and is highest in Whites and lowest in Blacks. The incidence of autoimmune hypothyroidism is about 350 cases/100,000/year for women and 60 cases/100,000/year for men in iodine-sufficient regions and 44 (females) and 12 (males) per 100,000 per year in iodine-deficient areas. Breakdown of self-tolerance against thyroid antigens may lead to thyroid autoimmunity. Loss of T reg inhibitory actions and gain of Th17 proinflammatory actions (reflected by a shift to higher values of Th17/Th10 ratio in peripheral blood) play a crucial role in the loss of tolerance against thyroid antigens. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells directed against TPO and Tg mediate thyroid gland destruction, either by the granule exocytosis pathway or apoptosis (programmed cell death). TPOAb and TgAb may cause antibody-dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via complement-mediated lysis of thyrocytes. Hashimoto's thyroiditis often runs in families as evident from a high sibling risk ratio of 28. Twin studies suggest genes contribute about 73% of the liability to the development of TPOAb and TgAb; environmental factors would thus

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Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules in childhood

Altıncık

Demir²,

Abacı³

et al. 2010

jcrpe

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Objective: To assess the role of fine−needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules.Methods: Results of 30 FNABs performed in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and surgical follow−up data were obtained from the patient files, and clinical correlation and accuracy of FNAB were evaluated.Results: The results of 30 FNABs were reported as benign in 24 (80%), insufficient in 4 (13.3%) patients, malignant in 1 (3.3%), and suspicious in 1 (3.3%) patient. One patient with a FNAB result of malignancy underwent surgery and the histological diagnosis was papillary carcinoma. FNAB was repeated in two of the insufficient biopsies, and reported as benign; in one of these patients, the thyroid nodule disappeared and in one, remained stable at clinical follow−up. Four of the patients with benign FNAB results underwent surgery at clinical follow−up because of an increase in the size of the nodules and one patient was found to have papillary carcinoma. The remaining patients were clinically followed. In this study, the malignancy prevalence was 6.6% in patients with thyroid nodules. There was only one falsenegativecase.Conclusion: FNAB is a reliable diagnostic tool in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules.Conflict of interest:None declared.

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Imaging of the Normal and Affected Thyroid in Childhood

Cited by 3 publications

References 140 publications

The clinical, laboratory and anatomical pathology profiles of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya 2015 – 2020

The clinical, laboratory and anatomical pathology profiles of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya 2015 – 2020

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules in childhood

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