Imaging of the scrotum in children

Abstract

Clinical examination of the scrotum is difficult due to the small size of the testes and the epididymis in infants and young children, and eliciting patients' history is challenging. Therefore imaging of the scrotum in childhood bears great importance. Ultrasound is the standard imaging technique of choice providing the clinicians with a definitive diagnosis in most cases. However, in conditions of testicular torsion and epididymoorchitis--the most common differential diagnosis of scrotal pain--ultrasound findings can be inconclusive and further evaluation is required. Since there is a large overlap between paediatric and adult pathology, differences from adults in anatomy and pathology must be considered when evaluating the paediatric scrotum.

Contrast-enhanced, real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging of tissue perfusion: preliminary results in a rabbit model of testicular torsion

“…It has been well-documented in the literature that the severity of vascular compromise may vary significantly for a given degree of spermatic cord rotation for reasons that are not entirely clear, although anatomical variability may account for these differences (Bentley et al , 2004). This variability in ischemic response to testicular torsion is most apparent at lower degrees of testicular torsion, and has been observed in both experimental and clinical settings, in our previous work as well as in the work of others (Paltiel et al , 2006; Thierman et al , 2006; Frush et al , 1995; Bentley et al , 2004; Cassar et al , 2008; Hormann et al , 2004; Lee et al , 1996). Testicular torsion that results in a diminution but not complete cessation of flow to the symptomatic testis is generally referred to as “partial” or “incomplete” torsion.…”

“…Use of the rabbit in experimental models of testicular ischemia and torsion is well established (Paltiel et al , 2006; Thierman et al , 2006; Brown et al , 1997; Coley et al , 1996; Frush et al , 1995; O'Hara et al , 1996). Twenty adult male New Zealand white rabbits (Millbrook Breeding Labs, Amherst, MA) with a mean weight of 4.4 kg were studied.…”

Torsion of a seminoma in an intrascrotal testis: a case report and review of the literature

“…3 In incomplete torsion, the arterial supply is not completely impeded and can be detected as far as the mediastinum testis. 3 Because most cases of testicular torsion present with epididymal swelling, incomplete torsion with normal blood flow is sometimes misdiagnosed as epididymitis.…”

“…3 In incomplete torsion, the arterial supply is not completely impeded and can be detected as far as the mediastinum testis. 3 Because most cases of testicular torsion present with epididymal swelling, incomplete torsion with normal blood flow is sometimes misdiagnosed as epididymitis. 4 In our case, we could not initially diagnose testicular torsion because the blood flow was preserved by CDS and the epididymal swelling led us to diagnose it as epididymitis.…”

Pediatrik Nontravmatik Abdominal Acillere Radyolojik Yaklasim

“…Barsaklarda genişleme ve peristaltizm kaybı inkarserasyonu akla getirmelidir [31]. İnkar-sere hernilerde vaskülarizasyon bozulması sonucu strangülasyon oluşur.…”