“…To test this hypothesis, a means of assessing changes in [Ca 2ϩ ] c is needed. Fluorescent dyes such as Indo-1, Fura-2, and Fluo-3 have been used successfully in a number of animal systems; however, their use in fungi has been problematic due in part to the lack of consistent loading and their tendency to sequester into organelles (Read et al, 1992;Knight et al, 1993;Chandra et al, 1999). Pressure injection of dextran-conjugated fluorophores into fungal cells has been used to partially overcome entry of the fluorophore into organelles (Parton et al, 1997); however, this approach is not feasible for Phyllosticta conidia due to their small size.…”